Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by persistent microalbuminuria and metabolic changes that decline renal functions. Researchers have been prompted to explore new biomarkers such as KIM-1 and nephrin that may enhance the identification of disease. Objective: To Evaluate biomarker levels of kidney injury molculre-1 (KIM-1) concentration and nephrin as early and sensitive markers of nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Method: One hundred T2DM patients were included in a cross-sectional study at the specialized center for endocrinology and diabetes, Baghdad. The first group includes 50 diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients, and the second group includes 50 T2DM patients without DN. Biochemical and clinical parameters were reported for pa

   The aim of this paper is to introduce and study new class of fuzzy function called fuzzy semi pre homeomorphism in a fuzzy topological space by utilizing fuzzy semi pre-open sets. Therefore, some of their characterization has been proved; In addition to that we define, study and develop corresponding to new class of fuzzy semi pre homeomorphism in fuzzy topological spaces using this new class of functions.

The aim of this paper is to present a weak form of -light functions by using -open set which is -light function, and to offer new concepts of disconnected spaces and totally disconnected spaces. The relation between them have been studied. Also, a new form of -totally disconnected and inversely -totally disconnected function have been defined, some examples and facts was submitted.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify the basic dimensions, which seeks to indestructible scenarios practices within the organization, as a final result from the use of this philosophy.

Methodology: The methodology that focuses adoption researchers to study survey of major literature that dealt with this subject in order to provide a conceptual theoretical conception of scenarios theory  .

The most prominent findings: The only successful formulation of scenarios, when you reach the decision-maker's mind wa takes aim to form a correct mental models, which appear in the expansion of Perception managers, and adopted as the basis of the decisions taken. The strength l

The integral transformations is a complicated function from a function space into a simple function in transformed space. Where the function being characterized easily and manipulated through integration in transformed function space. The two parametric form of SEE transformation and its basic characteristics have been demonstrated in this study. The transformed function of a few fundamental functions along with its time derivative rule is shown. It has been demonstrated how two parametric SEE transformations can be used to solve linear differential equations. This research provides a solution to population growth rate equation. One can contrast these outcomes with different Laplace type transformations

    In this paper we introduce a brief review about Box-Jenkins models. The acronym ARIMA stands for “autoregressive integrated moving average”. It is a good method to forecast for stationary and non stationary time series. According to the data which obtained from Baghdad Water Authority, we are modelling two series, the first one about pure water consumption and the second about the number of participants. Then we determine an optimal model by depending on choosing minimum MSE as criterion.

In this paper, the Azzallini’s method used to find a weighted distribution derived from the standard Pareto distribution of type I (SPDTI) by inserting the shape parameter (θ) resulting from the above method to cover the period (0, 1] which was neglected by the standard distribution. Thus, the proposed distribution is a modification to the Pareto distribution of the first type, where the probability of the random variable lies within the period  The properties of the modified weighted Pareto distribution of the type I (MWPDTI) as the probability density function ,cumulative distribution function, Reliability function , Moment and  the hazard function are found. The behaviour of probability density function for MWPDTI distrib

     The objective of this paper is to show modern class of open sets which is an -open. Some functions via this concept were studied and the relationships such as continuous function strongly -continuous function -irresolute function -continuous function.

     In this paper, we conduct some qualitative analysis that involves the global asymptotic stability (GAS) of the Neutral Differential Equation (NDE) with variable delay, by using  Banach contraction mapping theorem, to give some necessary conditions to achieve the GAS of the zero solution.

In this research, a new technique is suggested to reduce the long time required by the encoding process by using modified moment features on domain blocks. The modified moment features were used in accelerating the matching step of the Iterated Function System (IFS). The main disadvantage facing the fractal image compression (FIC) method is the over-long encoding time needed for checking all domain blocks and choosing the least error to get the best matched domain for each block of ranges. In this paper, we develop a method that can reduce the encoding time of FIC by reducing the size of the domain pool based on the moment features of domain blocks, followed by a comparison with threshold (the selected  threshold based on experience