Chlorination has been the method of choice for disinfecting water used for drinking purposes. However, some stressed bacteria during chlorination are able to recover and alter the potability of water. This study assessed the recovery of stressed bacteria in dechlorinated water. Ten chlorinated water samples were collected from different points within Ilorin metropolis, Kwara, Nigeria. The samples (100ml) were dechlorinated with 0.1ml of 11.4mM sodium thiosulphate solution. The physicochemical characteristics of the chlorinated water samples were determined while bacteriological analyses were carried out on both chlorinated and dechlorinated water samples. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using disc diffusion method. The physicochemical characteristics of the water samples ranged as follow: pH 7.3-8.4, chloride content 4.37-6.85 mg/l, suspended solids 0.004-0.017 g/100ml, and total hardness 30-72mg/l. The chlorinated water samples had bacterial, total, and faecal coliform counts ranging from 1.0 × 101 – 1.9 × 104cfu/ml, 0 – 480 MPN/100ml, and zero, respectively. The dechlorinated water sample had corresponding counts of 5.4 × 102 – 7.36 × 104cfu/ml, 6 - 1100 MPN/100ml, and 0 – 380 MPN/100ml. A total of eleven bacterial species belonging to the genera Bacillus, Burkholderia, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Serratia, and Streptococcus were isolated. Not lower than 60% of the bacterial isolates were susceptible to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. All the isolates exhibited multiple antibiotic resistances. The antibiotic resistance pattern of an isolate of Citrobacter freundii to cefuroxime, cefixime, and gentamycin changed remarkably and was plasmid-mediated, while that of E. coli and Enterobacter agglomerans remained unchanged to all the antibiotics and was non-plasmid mediated. Chlorination of water at the point of use is recommended. It is concluded that chlorination is essential in order to prevent reactivation of stressed bacteria during distribution and prevent infection by bacteria with high multiple antibiotic resistance index.
In this research , pure Cadmium Oxide thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation Under vacuum method , where pure cadmium metal was deposited on glass Substrate in Room temperature (300K) at thickness (400 ± 30) nm with Deposition rate(1.1 ± 0.1) nm/sec And then we oxidize a pure cadmium Film in Temperature ( 350ºC ) for one hour with existence air flow. This research contained study of the influence of doping process by Tin metal (Sn) with two different ratios (1,3) % at substrate temperature (473K ) on th
... Show MorePM3 semiempirical method and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations of the type (B3LYP) and a Gaussian basis set (6-311G) were carried out for fullerene C60 molecule with its construction units (5radialene, 1,2,3-trimethylene indan, and corannulene), to evaluate the geometrical structure (bond lengths, symmetry, and energetic such as heat of formation ΔH0f, total energy Etot., dipole moment μ, EHOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital energy), ELUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy), energy gap ΔEHOMO-LUMO), the distribution of electron density and vibration frequencies, all at their equilibrium geometries. Assignment of the vibrations modes was done according to the movement of the atoms as a result of DFT calculatio
... Show MoreThe system of work has been built , which consists of dark box with dimensions (61 cm ï‚´74 cm ï‚´120 cm) when the distance between the testing image and the light source is (120 cm) . &n
... Show MoreAfter this systematic presentation of the phenomenon of rotation of formulas, ie the construction of the verb and the verb, and the narrated narratives therein differed among the readers, it became clear to us how the difference was clear between reading and the other, and how readers have varied in their readings of the verb, As we have noted through our modest research that the phenomenon of building the verb for the actor and the effect have included the act of both past and present tense, and not limited to a specific time, and this difference in reading was not limited to a particular environment, but beyond To more than one environment This is evidenced by the readings of various readers from the environment of Kufa, Basra, Mecca,
... Show MoreThe purpose of the research is to investigate the response of stock prices of companies that issued debt instruments (bonds) listed on the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange for information content from the Moody's first credit rating announcements for the period 1 January 2005 - 30 May 2017. The study methodology was used to verify the existence of this response by the market and the Market efficiency of the Semi-strong shape. The research focused on testing the impact of the initial announcement.The research showed that there is an influential information content to announce credit ratings in stock prices, with different responses between negative and positive. It was also found that the industrial sectors sample research separately d
... Show MoreThe paper comprise comparative palynological study of six species belong to the genera Urtica L. and Parietaria L.(P.alsinifolia Del., P.lusitanica L., P.judaicaL., U.urens L., U.dioica L., and U.pilulifera L.) of the Family Urticaceae in Iraq. All pollen grains were small size and found to be porate, Stephanoporate, Zonoporate. Characters such as shape of pollen grain, number and Dimention of pores, and Sculpturing of pollen grains were overlapped between species and of limited taxonomic value.
The present study deals with the biostratigraphy and depositional environment of
(Late Turonian – Early Campanian) represent dy Khasib, Tanuma and Saadi
Formations in well Agel -12- Northeastern Tikrite. Determination of three
microfacies in Khasib, one microfacies in Tanuma and three microfacies in Saadi
Formations. Depending on microfacies the paleoecologe of Khasib Middle shelf –
Upper Bathyal environment, Tanuma Shelf Margin environment and Saadi
Formations sediment in Middle shelf – Upper Bathyal. Twenty planktic foraminiferal species belonging to eight genera have been identified within the
studied well.
Depending on the stratigraphic distribution of planktic foraminiferal species, the
succession wa
The State company for vegetable oils industry one of the most dynamic
companies in the Iraqi economy and is one of the companies manufacturing(food) that takes astrategic dimension and production within the concept of food security, this as well as to reduce dependence on imports and operation of national manpower.This study aims to describe the performance of the State company for vegetable oils industry for the period (2003-2007) which was characterized by economic and security instability of the country and give an accurate picture of their efficiency and their capacity to produce during this Period.
Pre-eclampsia complicates 2-8% of all pregnancies and it is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and pre-term delivery in the world. Unfortunately, there is scarcity of documents discussing the circulating level of several essential trace elements in Pre-eclampsia patients in Baghdad especially in the last trimester of the pregnancy. The present study was designed to quantitative evaluation the whole blood concentration of two trace elements, copper (Cu), and iron(Fe), in pre-eclamptic women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The study was conducted on 18 Pre-eclamptic pregnant women as patients group with clinical detected high blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg and 13 normotensive pregnant women as control group from Al-Alwiya
... Show MoreThe North Central Coast of Vietnam has a wide distribution of loose sand which is often exposed on the surface. The thickness changes from a few meters to over ten meters. This sand with the loose state can be sensitive to the dynamic loads, such as earthquakes, traffic load, or machine foundations. It can be liquefied under these loadings, which might destroy the ground and buildings. The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is widely used in engineering practice and its values can be useful for the assessment of soil liquefaction potential. Thus, this article presents some ground profiles in some sites in the North Central Coast of Vietnam and determines the liquefaction potential of sand based on SPT
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