Background: Spirometry is an important test performed in patients expect to have airway obstruction, assessment of intense reaction to inhalers (the trial of reversibility of airway blockade) is a normally utilized technique in clinical and academic studies. The consequences of this test are utilized to make choices on treatment, consideration, exclusion from diagnosis and other research think about, and for analytic marking [asthma versus chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD)]. Usually, the (FEV1) or (FVC) standards before and after giving of the bronchodilator are compared and the adjustment is processed to distinguish variations from the norm in lung volumes and air flow.
Objective: The aim of

Abstract

The aim of this research is to determine how well the Cubing Technique affects the Iraqi EFL students' composition writing, vocabulary, and meta-cognitive awareness of writing strategies. The sample of (64) secondary-school female students in the fifth grade is drawn from two classrooms and split into two equal groups: the experimental group and the control group, each of which consists of (32) students. A quasi-experimental design is applied. The performance test and Meta-cognitive Writing Strategies questionnaire are given as a pre-test for equalizing the two groups after ensuring their validity and reliability. Then, they are administrated as a posttest in both groups. According to the results, the si

The reason behind choosing this topic " internal marketing (IM) of human resource management (HRM)" is to highlight the advantages of using IM in the organization framework. The problem of the research paper lies in not paying enough attention to employees genuine needs as they interact with each other in the sake of organization prosper. This research paper can be used as indictor to expose the weaknesses that the organization encounters daily. The current research paper attempts at examining the possibility of developing philosophy of internal marketing of human resources and its most practices, empowering staff, training courses, motivations and recognitions, and within departments communication, in order to reach targeted res

Abstract: The international community now places significant emphasis on achieving zero carbon emissions, requiring both new researchers and experienced policymakers to prioritise this goal. This article examines the effects of carbon taxes, carbon cap and trade, renewable energy (RE) production and consumption, and economic growth (EG) on carbon emission reduction in the United States, Japan, Canada, and Australia. The study collected secondary data from the World Development Indicators (WDI) secondary source spanning the years 1991 to 2022. The study examines the relationship between variables using the cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach. The findings indicate that carbon taxes, carbon cap and tr

Search procedures on the treatment research has tended include what cam followers Astaratejaat available to the business organizations to achieve competitive advantage and continued benefits of the form in which the organization can maintain its success in the race competitive and increase production efficiency. 

The objectives of the study , the study came with  the number of goals and the most important one the  knowledge of the relationship and the influence between the variables of the study and review of the latest literature frameworks intellectual and philosophical to the variables of the study and come up with recommendations that could help the organization improve its performance .

Abstract

This research aims to identify the challenges faced by families of children with intellectual disabilities and to identify the impact of the challenges facing them on the mental health of their children with intellectual disabilities. Based on the following questions: What is the nature of the challenges faced by families of children with disabilities and how do these challenges affect the mental health of their children with intellectual disabilities? The study was conducted on a sample of four families of six children with intellectual disabilities, depending on the degree and type of disability. To achieve the study's objectives, the qualitative approach was used, Because of the importance of accessin

 The gold fishes, Carasusius auratus infected with the fungus, Saprolegnia sp. were treated with different concentrations of Aqueous extracts of coriander , Coriandrun sativum seeds and Henna, Lawsonia inermis leaves by applying the dip method in a water bath for five minutes. The total killing of these fungi was achieved by using 30 % of the C. sativum seeds from Aqueous extract and 40 % of the L. inermis leaves from Aqueous extract.   Changes in behaviors of treated fishes, were increased with the increasing concentration for plant extract of C. sativum seeds. It was observed excitation of fishes , crushing with aquaria sides, jumping outside of aquaria, as well as increasing the number opercula movements . While in case

The history of civilizations in the past centuries is a rich source for creativity and inspiration in all areas of art and design, especially in the field of fashion design. Many designers draw their designs from previous eras; which is the aim of this research as we propose designing fashion the mannequin for the category of young girls aged between (10-18). The costumes were inspired by Victorian women's costumes during the time period (1860-1890) and were subdivided into three time periods (1860-1870), (1870-1880), (1880-1890) forming three designs for each time period , analyzing the nine designs to achieve the creative , functional and aesthetic aspects that are appropriate for the age group (research sample). The importance of the

This research aims to show the nature of the impact of proactive and analytical strategic orientation in the dimensions of tax organizational excellence (leadership, strategic planning, information and analysis and knowledge management, focus on taxpayers, focus on operations, focus on workforce, business results), in the General Tax Authority  The questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data and information from the sample of (110) who are (Associate Director General, Head of Department, Under-Head of First Division, Under-Head of Second Section, Division Officer).  Arithmetic mean, intestinal deviation the research has reached a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which are: -

1. There is an effect of

The theater can be considered a media that the effectiveness of its tools and the perceptions it produces cannot be abandoned according to patterns or aesthetic artistic trends, and at the same time it carries a large amount of information that can be worked on activating it with conscious directions within the elements of the theatrical performance, and these can be counted The study is an attempt to trace the functioning of the communication and media elements in the structure of the theatrical performance, as the study included: An introduction that defines the research problem and its importance, which crystallized around the following question: Does the media communication through theatrical presentation form its desired effectivene