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Extraction and Characterization of Chitosan from Crab Shells: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Arsenic and Copper Adsorption from Electroplating Wastewater
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Crab shells were used to produce chitosan via the three stages of deproteinization, demineralization and deacetylation using sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid under different treatment conditions of temperature and time. The produced chitosan was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high – resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), electron dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption behavior of chitosan to remove arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) from electroplating wastewater was examined by batch adsorption process as a function of adsorbent dose, contact time and temperature. The FTIR, XRD, HRSEM and EDS analyses confirmed, respectively, the presence of –NH2 and –OH functional groups, with amorphous/crystalline phases, crystallinity index of 69.54%, needle-like morphology and Carbon (C), Oxygen (O) and Nitrogen N) in the produced chitosan. While DLS, BET and TGA showed, respectively, that the produced chitosan has an average particle size of 729nm, is moderately polydisperse, has12.67 m2/g surface area, mesoporous in nature, and with thermal stability of up to 1430C. The optimum adsorbent dose, contact time and temperature values to remove As and Cu by chitosan were 15mg, 45 minutes, 333K and25mg, 60 minutes, 349K,respectively. Under the employed conditions, chitosan though has a low surface area, displaying high adsorption capacity for both metal ions. The adsorption isotherm data were better fitted to the Jovanovic isotherm model while the kinetic data fitted best to the pseudo-second order model. The thermodynamic studies established that the adsorption was feasible but endothermic in nature. This study shows that chitosan adsorbents purify electroplating wastewater.

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2013
Journal Name
Proceedings Of The International Astronomical Union
The infrared <i>K</i>-band identification of the DSO/G2 source from VLT and Keck data
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Abstract<p>A fast moving infrared excess source (G2) which is widely interpreted as a core-less gas and dust cloud approaches Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) on a presumably elliptical orbit. VLT <italic>K<sub>s</sub></italic>-band and Keck <italic>K</italic>′-band data result in clear continuum identifications and proper motions of this ∼19<sup><italic>m</italic></sup> Dusty S-cluster Object (DSO). In 2002-2007 it is confused with the star S63, but free of confusion again since 2007. Its near-infrared (NIR) colors and a comparison to other sources in the field speak in favor of the DSO being an IR excess star with photospheric continuum emission at 2 microns than a</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun Oct 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Assessing the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of S. aureus bacteria isolated from Iraqi women with vaginosis
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     Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common infection that occurs when the number of lactobacillus spp. bacteria (vaginal flora) decreases in the vaginal canal. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus within vaginosis in order to emphasize the importance of early detection and treatment. Totally, 90 vaginal swabs were collected using speculum and swabbing. The vaginal swabs were subjected to standard microbiological testing, which included microscopy, cultures (Blood agar and Mannitol salt agar), and antibiotic sensitivity testing. The results showed that out of 90 samples, only 40 S.aureus isolates were collected. S. aureus isolates showed maximum sensitivity to gentamic

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 20 2022
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
DISTRIBUTION AND PHYLOGENETIC OF FRESHWATER MUSSEL UNIO TIGRIDIS BOURGUIGNAT, 1852 (BIVALVIA, UNIONIDAE) FROM GREATER ZAB RIVER, IRAQ
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Freshwater mussels are a guild of stationary, suspended-feeding species; they perform significant ecological functions like nitrogen cycling, bioturbation that gives oxygen and habitat that other creatures need to survive, and increasing water clearance by filtration. Knowledge of the freshwater mussel Unio tigridis Bourguignat, 1852, distribution, and molecular study in Iraq was inadequate. In the current study, this species of freshwater Mussels belonging to the family Unionidae was collected from different locations in the Greater Zab River, from April 2022 to November 2022. The average water temperature of the site was arranged between (17.8 to 36.1 C°). All previous studies in the Kurdistan Region and Iraq were based on morphologic

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Ecological Engineering
Product Concentration, Yield Percentage and Productivity of Citric Acid Formation Using Aspergillus Niger Isolated from Palm Dates
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Publication Date
Sun Jul 31 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Study of Limestones from the Nfayil Formation in Bahr Al-Najaf Depression and Suitability for Thermal conductivity
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     The evaluation of the Nfayil limestones in Bahr Al-Najaf Depression as construction materials was done on 15 sites distributed over a region. The study included field and laboratory aspects. The field side included collecting information about the study area and samples. As for the laboratory side, laboratory tests were conducted to study the thermal conductivity of samples by a device called Lee’s disc in the Tikri University. The thermal conductivity results ranged between 2.34 and 0.27. The rocks are of high thermal insulation at low temperatures and low insulation at high temperatures according to the specifications of the suitability of limestone for thermal conductivity standards (ASTM C 1057-03-2010).

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Optimize and Purification of Keratinase Produced from Local Aspergillus Terreus A13 Isolate Using A Feather as Substrate
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     Keratin is a fibrous, insoluble structural protein that is highly cross-linked with hydrophobic, hydrogen, and disulfide bonds. Keratinases are enzymes that belong to the category of serine hydrolases that are capable of breaking down keratin. The results of the determination of the better fermentation system showed that the production of keratinase from local A.terreus A13 isolate by submerged fermentation (SmF) system was the best system to give the highest specific activity (113.4 U/mg) of keratinase compared with solid-state fermentation (SSF). The optimum conditions for keratinase production by SmF, were determined via cultivation conditions, including carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature, pH of the medium,

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 31 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Synergistic Effect of Potassium Clavulanate in Combination withCefamandol and Ceftazidime on B- Lactamase, Extracted From Resistant E.coli
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The aim of this study was to evaluate in-vitro activity of Cefamandol and Ceftazidime, in combination with potassium clavulanate against 10 uropathogenic E.coli isolated from patients with chronic complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), these isolates were identified by the Api identification systems.The antimicrobial susceptibility tests were determined by Kirby-Bauer method and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of Cefamandol and Ceftazidime, were determined, by tube method. These isolates were resistant to Ampicillin (Amp), Amoxicillin (Amo), Carbenicillin (Cb), Ticarcillin (Tic), Amoxicillin\ Potassium Clavulanate {Augmentin}, (Amo\CA), Ticarcillin\ Potassium Clavulanate {Timentin} (Tic\CA), Cefamandol (Cfm) and Ceftazidime (

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 26 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
The Real and Imaginary Volume Integrals in Spherical-Statistical Optical Potential of Neutron scattering from 56Fe nuclei
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A spherical-statistical optical model (SOM) has been used to calculate and evaluate the neutron interaction with medium nuclei (40 ). Empirical formulae of the optical potentials parameters are predicted with minimize accuracy compared with experimental bench work data. With these optical formulae an evaluation of the shape and compound elastic scattering cross-section of interaction neutrons with 56Fe nuclei at different energy range (1-20) MeV has been calculated and compared with experimental results. Also, volume integrals for real and imaginary potential energies have been evaluated and matched with the standard ABAREX code. Good agreements with have been achieved with the available experimental data.

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 21 2019
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Effect Of Pomegrante Peels And Bay Leaves On Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Isolated From Urinary Tract Infection Patients
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Background: Alternative natural therapy by plants extracts had opened  wide  door   for   the    use  of  natural products as an alternative therapy instead of many antibiotics and drugs , which had many harmful side effects.Also, an increased interest has been centered on the industrial wastes, especially plant raw materials which contain phenols (e.g. Pomegranate peel and Bay leaves) which is a sources of natural antioxidants ,which are on the contrary  of  synthetic  antioxidants that  had restrict use  due to  their  health  risks , carcinogenesis and toxicity .

Objectives :This study was done to fi

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 14 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Reality of Adapting Curricula and Educational Programs for Pupils with Visual Handicapped from Their Teachers’ Perspectives
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The current study aims to identify the level of adaptation of the curriculum for visually handicapped pupils from the point of view of their teachers as well as to identify the level of adaptation of the educational programs offered to visually handicapped pupils from the point of view of their teachers. In order to achieve the goals of the research, the researcher developed two tools to measure the adaptation of curricula and educational programs for pupils with visual handicapped from the point of view of teachers. The sample included (60) teachers from Al Noor Institute for Blinders in Baghdad, the two tools were applied to them, and then the Reliability and Validity coefficients were extracted. The results sh

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