Probiotic bacteria using in commercially produced foods are at most members of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. This research was aimed to study the antimicrobial effect of lactobacillus bacteria as probiotic against some pathogenic bacteria, strains of lactobacillus bacteria were isolated from two types of yoghurt in Baquba city, Iraq . Total of 60 yoghurt samples from 2 origins (30 locally and 30 commercial produced yoghurt) were used to isolate probiotic bacteria which were identified phenotypically and biochemically. 30 (100%) of locally produced yoghurt samples include with probiotic bacteria while 12 (40%) commercially types of yoghurt samples were contained with probiotic, the method of modi

 One hundred and fifteen isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from human infected wound and burn. The resistance of this organism for eight commonly used antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion methods.          The minimum inhibitory concentration MIC was determined for each drug by tube dilution method. Results showed significant variations in the MIC values. It was found that two isolates had high resistance for the eight antibiotics used. Effect of ascorbic acid on bacterial growth was studied singly and in combination with antibiotics. Reductions in MIC value were reported for different antibiotics when tested by growth curve method too. 

Tropical illnesses caused by parasites proceed to cause socioeconomic devastation that reverberate worldwide protozoan parasites, like Leishmania. This parasite has an enormous public health problem in many countries. There is a growing requisite for new control methods for many of these illnesses due to the increasing drug resistance showed by the parasites and problems with drug poisonousness. In this study, fifty-five patients (burns and wounds) were collected from patients from Al-Yarmouk Hospital and Teaching Baghdad Hospital during the period from November, 2015 to January, 2016. Cultural and morphological characteristic examination, biochemical tests were conducted and confirmed the diagnosis by antibiotics sensitivity te

Moment invariants have wide applications in image recognition since they were proposed.

A total number of 68 water samples was revealed 20 isolates being Staphylococcus aureus. Irrigation water isolates represented 25% of isolates while wastewater 75%. all isolates were identified by morphological, microscopial, biochemical tests and VITEK®2 Compact. Bacterial isolates were subjected to 16 antibiotics, all irrigation water and wastewater isolates were resistant to penicillin while they were fully sensitive to Ciprofloxcin. Irrigation water isolates showed relatively greater multi-drug resistance than wastewater, wherein irrigation water isolates showed 100% multi-drug resistance while wastewater isolates showed 73.3% multi-drug resistance, indicating the ability of S. aureus MDR to move from one site to another, which means t

The inhibitory effect of Eucalyptus rostrata leaves extraction was investigated on multiple-antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria (E.coli and S. aureus), isolated from Iraqi patients. The minimum inhibitory concentrations in a final concentration of 10 mg/ml. Tow fold dilutions was done from (12.5- 100) mg/ ml to examine the antibacterial effect of different concentrations of the plant extract on both bacteria. The study results revealed that Eucalyptus rostrata extract has a potential inhibitory effect on both gram negative and gram positive species. The current study supports the traditional approach of using Eucalyptus rostrata leaves extraction in treatment trails against bacterial infections.

Biofilm formation represents one of the biggest problems facing scientists because of this phenomenon linkage with virulence of bacteria and other clinical environmental problems. In the present study, two clinical isolates,
Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were exposed to the non thermal plasma for different intervals of time (1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 min). The biofilm was measured post exposing. It was found that 2 min. exposing to non-thermal plasma reduced the biofilm formation by both clinical isolates significantly. It can be concluded that the ability of S. aureus to form biofilm higher than E. coli and exposing for 2 min to non-thermal plasma sufficient to reduce the biofilm formati

Objectives: The current work aimed to reveal the impact of gentamicin on the fibronectin binding proteins (fnbp) gene expression and its relation to biofilm and agr type in Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 S. aureus isolates were enrolled in this study previously isolated from different specimens. Identification confirmation and methicillin resistance were achieved by amplification of 16SrRNA and mecA. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay was employed to evaluate the agr typing. The gene expression of fnbA and fnbB genes was tested by real-time PCR technique. Minimum inhibitory concentration was estimated by micro broth dilution methodology. Microtiter plate method was performed to determine the a

Dual-species biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus generate difficult-to-treat illnesses. Nutrition stress in biofilms affects physiology, microbial metabolism, and species interactions, impacting bacteria growth and survival. Furthermore, the function of alginate, which is encoded by the algD gene, in the production of biofilms has been established. The present study aimed at investigating the impact of starvation on algD gene expression in single-species biofilm of P. aeruginosa and dual-species biofilms of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus from hospital sewage. A total of six P. aeruginosa and six S. aureus isolates were obtained from the microbiology laboratory at the Department of Biology, College of Science, Universit