Throughout this paper R represents a commutative ring with identity and all R-modules M are unitary left R-modules. In this work we introduce the notion of S-maximal submodules as a generalization of the class of maximal submodules, where a proper submodule N of an R-module M is called S-maximal, if whenever W is a semi essential submodule of M with N ? W ? M, implies that W = M. Various properties of an S-maximal submodule are considered, and we investigate some relationships between S-maximal submodules and some others related concepts such as almost maximal submodules and semimaximal submodules. Also, we study the behavior of S-maximal submodules in the class of multiplication modules. Farther more we give S-Jacobson radical of ri

Throughout this paper R represents commutative ring with identity and M is a unitary left R-module. The purpose of this paper is to investigate some new results (up to our knowledge) on the concept of weak essential submodules which introduced by Muna A. Ahmed, where a submodule N of an R-module M is called weak essential, if N ? P ? (0) for each nonzero semiprime submodule P of M. In this paper we rewrite this definition in another formula. Some new definitions are introduced and various properties of weak essential submodules are considered.

The concept of the Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing submodules was recently introduced by Omar A. Abdullah and Haibat K. Mohammadali in 2022, where he studies this concept and it is relationship to previous generalizationsm especially  2-Absorbing submodule and Quasi-2-Absorbing submodule, in addition to studying the most important Propositions, charactarizations and Examples. Now in this research, which is considered a continuation of the definition that was presented earlier, which is the Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing submodules, we have completed the study of this concept in multiplication modules. And the relationship between the Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Absorbing submodule and Extend Nearly Pseudo Quasi-2-Abs

A confluence of forces has brought journalism and journalism education to a precipice. The rise of fascism, the advance of digital technology, and the erosion of the economic foundation of news media are disrupting journalism and mass communication (JMC) around the world. Combined with the increasingly globalized nature of journalism and media, these forces are posing extraordinary challenges to and opportunities for journalism and media education. This essay outlines 10 core principles to guide and reinvigorate international JMC education. We offer a concluding principle for JMC education as a foundation for the general education of college students.

     Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been announced as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), which results in the collapsing of the healthcare systems in several countries around the globe. Machine learning (ML) methods are one of the most utilized approaches in artificial intelligence (AI) to classify COVID-19 images. However, there are many machine-learning methods used to classify COVID-19. The question is: which machine learning method is best over multi-criteria evaluation? Therefore, this research presents benchmarking of COVID-19 machine learning methods, which is recognized as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. In the recent century, the trend of developing

The protection of public money and its surrounding with special provisions that guarantee that protection from every legal or material assault by the supervisory bodies competent to combat corruption are described as a criminal procedural protection aimed at prosecuting criminals in general crimes and government corruption crimes in particular, and working to recover funds and return them to the state treasury, These agencies operate in an integrated format, each other and in a coherent manner with each other, in order to achieve the purpose of their establishment and reach the basic goal, which is to eliminate corruption from the theoretical side Practical reality.

many painters tried to mix colors with Music by direct employment through colorful musical pieces or the use of multiple instruments and techniques , or vice versa, including the French artist )Robert Stroben(, he transferred the piece of music to be depicted on the painting and worked on the tones of music (Johann Sebastian Bach) by dropping the color on the lines of the musical scale, for example (the C tone) ranging from brown to red ( Tone La A) from gray to orange, and so on, the presence of links and similarity factors between the world of music and the world of colors facilitated the process of linking musical notes with colors, the most famous of which was presented by the world (Newton) in the circle of basic colors and linking

Abstract Throughout this paper R represents commutative ring with identity and M is a unitary left R-module, the purpose of this paper is to study a new concept, (up to our knowledge), named St-closed submodules. It is stronger than the concept of closed submodules, where a submodule N of an R-module M is called St-closed (briefly N ≤Stc M) in M, if it has no proper semi-essential extensions in M, i.e if there exists a submodule K of M such that N is a semi-essential submodule of K then N = K. An ideal I of R is called St-closed if I is an St-closed R-submodule. Various properties of St-closed submodules are considered.

In this paper, an algorithm for binary codebook design has been used in vector quantization technique, which is used to improve the acceptability of the absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC) method. Vector quantization (VQ) method is used to compress the bitmap (the output proposed from the first method (AMBTC)). In this paper, the binary codebook can be engender for many images depending on randomly chosen to the code vectors from a set of binary images vectors, and this codebook is then used to compress all bitmaps of these images. The chosen of the bitmap of image in order to compress it by using this codebook based on the criterion of the average bitmap replacement error (ABPRE). This paper is suitable to reduce bit rates