Breast cancer is one of the comments malignant tumors worldwide especially in Iraq; it is a leading cause of death in Iraqi women. Determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors status is helpful in selecting the patients most likely to receive benefit from endocrine therapy, and provide prognostic information on recurrence and survival since their expression is related to the degree of the tumor differentiation. From November 2012 to March 2013, 150 breast cancer patients at Al-Amal Hospital in Baghdad were attended to start treatment of disease for the first time. All patients included in this study did not receive chemotherapy. Patients were asked to bring their paraffin embedded tissue blocks to participate in estrogen, progesterone and Her-2/nue receptors estimation. Blood samples were also collected from the patients to estimate positive Her-2nue cases in serum. Age distribution in women with breast cancer showed that 44%of cases at age group (40 – 49) years. 23% of the patients had a positive family history (first and second degree). Histological types of breast carcinoma showed that 82%, 14% and 4% were ductal, lobular and mixed carcinoma respectively. The Makee classification showed that Grade I, II, and III were detected in 10%, 64% and 26% respectively. TNM staging revealed that 16% of the patients were recorded in stage I, 44% in stage II, 32% in stage III and 8% in stage IV. It was demonstrated that 72% and 70% of breast carcinomas were positive for ER and PR respectively; both markers correlated with age, family history, type, histological grade and stage of the disease. Her-2/neu showed 28% expression in Iraqi breast cancer cases. HER2/neu over-expression (>15 ng/ml) was observed in 36 out of 150 patients (24%) Her-2/neu serum level at ELISA diagnosis and in 42 out of 150 (28%) at immunohistochemistry method (IHC).There were significant (P <0.001) association between tissue HER-2/neu and serum HER-2 levels. Detection Her-2/neu in serum by ELISA technique could be used as a method for detection with high rate reached to 78% after mastectomy, also it considered as an excellent method for follow up.
The estimation of the stressÙ€ strength reliability of Invers Kumaraswamy distribution will be introduced in this paper based on the maximum likelihood, moment and shrinkage methods. The mean squared error has been used to compare among proposed estimators. Also a Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed methods in this paper.
the present study is designed to evaluate the effect of low level laser irradiation on the immume system when administere intravenoisly
Iron deficiency is considered as a common problem facing the general world population. In the current research, experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts of Acacia senegal (Gum Arabic, GA), Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Zea mays (corn), and Capsicum annuum (red chili pepper) on iron and ferritin levels in rats. Vitamin C and fructose levels were first estimated in these plants by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the GA extract contained the highest level of fructose (853 mg.L-1), followed by red chili pepper (635 mg.L-1), corn (521 mg.L-1), and spinach (271 mg.L-1
... Show MoreBackground:The referral system constitutes a key element of health system. Effective referral system between different levels of health care delivery represents a cornerstone in addressing patients’ health needs.
Objectives:To assess the referral system Baghdad/ Al-Rusafa Health Directorate by evaluation the referral pattern and identify the quality of the referral letters and feedback reports.
Type of the study: This cross-sectional study .
Methodology : It was conducted in5PHCC in from 1st July 2015 - 31st December 2015 at Bagdad/Al-Rusafa health directorate. The study population (sampled population) included all ref
... Show MoreIn this study, aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membranes were used to remove zinc ions from electroplating wastewater. Influence of different operating conditions such as time, zinc concentration and pressure on reverse osmosis process efficiency was studied. The experimental results showed, concentration of zinc in permeate increase with increases of time from 0 to 70 min, and flux of water through membrane decline with time. While, the concentrations of zinc in permeate increase with the increase in feed zinc concentration (10–300 mg/l), flux decrease with the increment of feed concentration. The raise of pressure from 1 to 4 bar, the zinc concentration decreases and the flux increase. The highest recovery percentage was fou
... Show MoreIn this study, aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membranes were used to remove zinc ions from electroplating wastewater. Influence of different operating conditions such as time, zinc concentration and pressure on reverse osmosis process efficiency was studied. The experimental results showed, concentration of zinc in permeate increase with increases of time from 0 to 70 min, and flux of water through membrane decline with time. While, the concentrations of zinc in permeate increase with the increase in feed zinc concentration (10–300 mg/l), flux decrease with the increment of feed concentration. The raise of pressure from 1 to 4 bar, the zinc concentration decreases and the flux increase. The highest recovery percentage was found is 54.
... Show MoreThe present project involves photodegrading the dye solochrom violet under advanced oxidation techniques at (25 oC) temperature and UV light. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and UV radiation at a wavelength of 580 nm were used to conduct the photocatalytic reaction of the solochrom violet dye. One of the factors looked into was the impact of the starting conditions. pH, the amount of original hydrogen peroxide, and the dye concentration time radiation were used. For hours, the kinetics and percentages of degradation were examined at various intervals. In general, it has been discovered that the photodegradation rates of the dye were greater when H2O2 and ZnO were combined with UV light. The best wavelength to use was determined. Modern oxidation techni
... Show MoreIn this research, we prepared a hybrid composite material of polymeric matrix hand cast method, composite material has been attended from epoxy resin EP as matrix materials reinforced woven roving fiber jute is constant volume fraction (13%), PVC fibers and woven glass fiber with different fraction on the properties of prepared composite materials to PVC fiber and glass fiber, some of mechanical tests were done at room temperature (impact test and banding test). Result shows that the values of (modulus bending elastic and fracture toughness) increase fraction of fiber with the increase of PVC, E-glass, there include (thermal conductivity and dielectric constant). Also experimental result indicated that the (thermal conductivity and diele
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