The synthesis and bioactivity of zinc oxide nanoparticles has been extensively studied. The antibacterial activity of different antibiotics individually (ceftriaxone (C), chloramphenicol (CRO), penicillin (P) and amoxicillin (Ax)) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles (60μg/ml) in combination with the previously mentioned antibiotics has been demonstrated in the present study by using the disk diffusion assay method. The results showed a synergistic effect between Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and both Ax and P for most of the studied Gram-positive isolates (Staphylococcus aureus1, Staphylococcus aureus2, Staphylococcus epidermidis1, Staphylococcus epidermidis2, Enterococcus faecalis1, Enterococcus faecalis2 ) and between ZnO NPs and both C

During 2011, 1900 clinical specimens (urine, wounds, burns, blood and sputum) and
240 hospital environment specimens were collected from four hospitals in
Baghdad/Medical city including: Baghdad Teaching Hospital, The Martyr Gazi Al-
Hariry Hospital, Welfare Teaching Hospital and The Burn Specialist Hospital. All
specimens were cultured and 128 Acinetobacter baumannii were obtained from
clinical and environmental specimens in a ratio of 6.05% (n=115) and 5.42%
(n=13), respectively. These isolates were identified using microscopic examination,
biochemical tests and Api 20 E system.The slide agglutination technique for rabbit
immune sera and A. baumannii bacteria was used and our data analysis revealed a
serologi

Separation of uricase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was done using (70%) satu-ration ammonium sulphate, and purification of this enzyme was done by ion ex-change chromatography on DEAE- cellulose column and eluted with linear NaCl (0-1M). Partial purified uricase gave an activity of (4.9 u/ml), protein concentration of (0.56 mg/ml), specific activity of (8.75 unit/mg) with purification folds (8.4) and a yield of (48%). The maximum purified uricase activity was detected at 35ºc and pH 8.5 with (0.12 mM.uric acid). The results shown that red cabbage extract (RCE) contain flavonoides which contain phenolic compounds and anthocyanines which glycoslated with mono or dimolecules of saccharides, while test for alkaloids, ster-oids, saponins and

     Bodies of water are usually being polluted by wastes from domestic and industrial sources thereby making them unfit for use. Hence, this study aimed at assessing the water quality from Asa River, Ilorin, Nigeria in terms of bacteriological and physicochemical parameters. The bacteriological parameters assessed were heterotrophic bacterial count, total coliform, faecal coliform, identification of the isolates, antibiotic resistance patterns, and plasmid profile of the isolates.  Whereas, the assessed physicochemical parameters were pH, total chloride, suspended solid, and total hardness. The heterotrophic bacterial count, total coliform, and faecal coliform counts ranged from 7.6 x 10³ to 3.2 x 10⁶ cfu/ml,

The aim of present study is to investigate the antagonistic activity of Spirogyra micropunctata against multidrug resistant human pathogens. The test organisms include 3 Gram negative bacteria such as Echerichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi and 2 Gram positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The algal cell mass was extracted in 90% Methanol and 90% Ethanol and further concentrations of 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 mg/ml were made for each extract. Antagonistic effect was tested by using agar well-diffusion method. Methanolic crude extract showed strong antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria, while ethanolic crude extract showed moderate activity. These findings suggest the possi

Fluconazole was used to test the susceptibility of Candida albicans isolated from different clinical samples, and to detect mutations in ERG11 gene, and their relationship to fluconazole resistance. Forty-eight isolates of Candida albicans were tested for susceptibility using the disc diffusion method (M-44). ERG11 genes of six isolates were amplified (four resistant, two susceptible) and sequenced. The sequenced genes were analyzed to detect the mutations. Out of 48 isolates of Candida albicans, 4 (8%) were resistant to fluconazole. Sixteen-point mutations were detected included 13 silent mutations, and three missense mutations. The mutations of A945C (E266D) and G1609A (V488I) were found only in susceptible Candida albicans isolates, whil

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen and a model bacterium for studying virulence and bacterial social traits. While it can be isolated in low numbers from a wide variety of environments including soil and water, it can readily be found in almost any human/animal-impacted environment. It is a major cause of illness and death in humans with immunosuppressive and chronic conditions, and infections in these patients are difficult to treat due to a number of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and the organism’s propensity to form multicellular biofilms. One hundred twenty clinical samples and forty hospital environmental samples (various sources) were collected from hospitals in Baghdad city during the period from Oc

  The preliminary test of the compounds N [2– (3,4–dimethoxy nitrobenzene oxazepine– 2,3–dihydro–4,7–dione]–5–mercupto–2–amino–1,3,4–thiadiazol [A] and N [ 2–anthralidene– 5– ( 2–nitrophenyl ) –1,3–oxazepine–4,7–dione–2–d](5–mercapto–1,3,4–thiadiazole–2–amin) [B] , showed that they possess high activity against some positive and negative bacteria , like pseudomonas aeruginosa (pseudo.), Escherichia coli (E-coli), staphylococcus aureus (sta.) and Bacillus subtilis (Ba.) and finally there is a study of the effect of some antibiotics like streptomyci

One hundred thirty seven Staphylococcus spp. isolates were isolated form one hundred fifty clinical specimens which were collected from several hospitals at Al-Sulaimaniya city. Seventy two Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 28 Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates and 37 isolates related to other coagulase negative staphylocci (S. chromogenes, S. lugdunensis, S. cohnii, S. saprophyticus, S. hominis, and S. haemolyticus constituted 3.60%, 2.20%, 2.90%, 2.90%, 6.60%, and 8.80%, respectively). Burn specimens represented the highest (P< 0.05) reservoir for S. aureus and S. epidermidis isolates. Staphylococci developed variable susceptibility to 4 antibiotics (cefoxitin; 30 μg, oxacillin; 1μg, methicillin; 5μg, and cefotaxime; 30 μg). Neve

Background: The prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and their contribution to increased morbidity and mortality due to the difficult-to-treat diseases caused by these bacteria, has demonstrated a need to develop and use alternative antimicrobial agents to control multidrug-resistant bacteria. There has been a growing interest in medicinal plants and herbs and their extracts for the discovery of new natural therapeutic alternatives. Therefore, this current study aimed to know the antibacterial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the Sumac (Rhus coriaria L) fruits against multidrug-resistant clinical bacterial isolates and the effect of these extracts on biofilm production as an important virulenc