A polycrystalline CdTe film has been prepared by thermal evaporation technique on glass substrate at substrate temperature 423 K with 1.0 m thicknesses. The film was heated at various annealing temperature under vacuum (Ta =473, 523 and K). Some of physical properties of prepared films such as structural and optical properties were investigated. The patterns of X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the structure of CdTe powder and all films were polycrystalline and consist of a mixture of cubic and hexagonal phases and preferred orientation at (111) direction.
The optical measurements showed that un annealed and annealed CdTe films had direct energy gap (Eg). The Eg increased with increasing Ta. The refractive index and the real p

Polyacrylonitrile:Polypyrole (PAN:PPy) undoped and doped with graphene Nano composites were synthesized using casting methods. Optical properties were utilized to describe the effect of composite ratio PAN/PPy as well as doping with Nanoscale graphene on the energy gap and the optical constants. PAN/PPy undoped and doped with Nanoscale graphene was used to detect gas nitrogen dioxide. In this article, the effect of mixing PAN with PPy at different weight ratios without addition and with the addition of 2% nanoscale graphene to the previous mixture on gas sensing performance on a large scale is explored. The results showed that doping with graphene enhanced the performance of gas sensing properties. Moreover, the article whic

The research involves using phenol – formaldehyde (Novolak) resin as matrix for making composite material, while glass fiber type (E) was used as reinforcing materials. The specimen of the composite material is reinforced with (60%) ratio of glass fiber.

      The impregnation method is used in test sample preparation, using molding by pressure presses.

      All samples were exposure to (Co⁶⁰) gamma rays of an average energy (2.5)Mev. The total doses were (208, 312 and 728) KGy.

      The mechanical tests (bending, bending strength, shear force, impact strength and surface indentation) were performed on un irradiated and irrad

Background: The use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during pregnancy warrants several side effects and also deleterious effects on fetal development, the antiepileptic drugs have potential to affect the fetal development throughout the pregnancy although, the majority of infants born to epileptic pregnant women are normal but more expose to the malformations. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of carbamazepine drug on the kidney development at day 7 postnatally in the Albino Rat (Rattus rattus) as a mammalian model. Material & Methods: 20 healthy pregnant female rats were divided into two groups, 10 pregnant rats in each group; group one served as control group administrated distal water while group two used as experimenta

Burnishing improves fatigue strength, surface hardness and decrease surface roughness of metal because this process transforms tensile residual stresses into compressive residual stresses. Roller burnishing tool is used in the present work on low carbon steel (AISI 1008) specimens. In this work, different experiments were used to study the influence of feed parameter and speed parameter in burnishing process on fatigue strength, surface roughness and surface hardness of low carbon steel (AISI 1008) specimens. The first parameter used is feed values which were (0.6, 0.8, and 1) mm at constant speed (370) rpm, while the second parameter used is speed at values (540, 800 and 1200) rpm and at constant feed (1) mm. The results of the fatigue

This research includes depositionof thin film of semiconductor, CdSe by vaccum evaporation on conductor polymers substrate to the poly aniline where, the polymer deposition on the glass substrats by polymerization oxidation tests polymeric films and studied the structural and optical properties through it,s IR and UV-Vis , XRD addition to thin film CdSe, on of the glass substrate and on the substrate of polymer poly-aniline and when XRD tests was observed to improve the properties of synthetic tests as well as the semiconductor Hall effect proved to improve the electrical properties significantly

Polyaniline polymer has been prepared by chemical oxidation
polymerization method in laboratory successfully. The PANI and
(PVA+PVP) as a polymer blends in different percentage (30%, 50%,
70%) from Polyaniline was prepared. The sample was studies as
optical properties by UV-vis spectrophotometer at (400-700) nm.
The result of optical energy gap was 2.23 eV for pure (PVA+ PVP)
and with additive was increasing with increasing PANI concentration
to become (2.49 for 30% to 2.52 for 70%) PANI. The goal of this
project is prepare triple blend polymer and study the effect when add
conductive polymer (Polyaniline) on the optical properties and
calculate optical constant as energy gap, refractive index, dielectric

Permanent deformation (rutting) of asphalt mixtures is one of the major forms of distress. Aggregate gradation is one of the most important factors affecting the permanent deformation of asphalt mixtures. Other variables are also important to understand their effects on the mixture such as temperature, binder content and compaction level. For this purpose 6 different aggregate gradations have been chosen and each one of them has been manufactured / tested with different variables. The results showed that at relatively low temperature there is little effect of aggregate packing on the permanent deformation. However, as the temperature increases the effect of gradation becomes apparent, in that the better the packing the better the resistance

The present paper deals with prepared of ternary Se80-xTe20Gex system alloys and thin films. The XRD analysis improved that the amorphous structure of alloys and thin films for ternary Se80-xTe20Gex (at x=10and 20at.%Ge) which prepared by thermal evaporation techniques with thickness 250 nm. The optical energy gap measurements show that the optical energy gap decreases with increasing of (Ge) content from (1.7 to 1.47 eV)
It is found that the optical constants, such as refractive
index ,extinction coefficient, real and imaginary dielectric
constant are non systematic with increasing of Ge contents
and annealing temperatures