To reduce solar radiation transmittance into buildings through windows facing east or west during summer, a window inclination from vertical position is suggested. The inclination of the window glazing and the rate of unwanted solar radiation during summer can be calculated knowing the dialy inclination of the sun rays. The inclination of window glazing depends on the latitude of the position required. For instance in Baghdad which is at about 33o north latitude a slope of 15o for window glazing is sufficient to prevent about 419 MJ/m2 of total solar radiation energy from penetration during summer for clear glazing of window facing east. This value drops to about 96 MJ/m2 during winter. Therefore the ratio between the energy saved for cooling during summer to the energy expended in heating during winter reached 4.4:1 for window facing east and 4.0:1 for window facing west
Resin-modified glass ionomer cement tends to shrink due to polymerization of the resin component. Additionally, they are more prone to syneresis and imbibition during the setting process. This
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The Tel Hajar formation in the studied area has been divided into five microfacics units:
1) Fine hiogenic dolomite facies.
2) Sandy rich dolomite facies.
3) Dolomite diagenetic facies.
4) Recrystal1ized wackestone in microfacies.
5) Mudsione facies.
Microfacics reflect shallow marine water with open Circulation in the lower part of the formation and the environment of the upper is enclosed between upper tide and tide. The most important diagenesis was recrystallization and spary calcite deposit inside fossils chambers and pores.
Tourism is a human phenomenon and economic and social activity. It represents an effective forces in the life of the individuals and state alike. As any other economic and human activity has appositive and negative results.
So there is a necessary to planning and activate this sector to get the most possible advantage.
Tourism has special importance out of its effect on the structure and performance of national economy. It can be regarded a dynamic activity with mutual effect include all the economic activities within and out the state. Tourism is affected and affect the production con summing , joineries , communication , ports ,hotel , restaurants ,internal and
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These days, the world is facing a global environmental and sustainability problem due to the increasing generation of large amounts of waste through construction and demolition work, which causes a serious problem for the environment. Therefore, this research was conducted to get rid of the waste disposal problems, including old glass and concrete, which were used as recycled fine aggregates. Seven different mixtures were prepared. The first mixture was with the used sand, which is glass sand, and it was adopted as a reference mixture (ORPC), and three mixtures were prepared for each of the recycled materials (waste concrete and glass) and partially replaced by glass sand in different proportions (25, 50, and 75) %. Some
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The waste material problem in today's world has become a major topic affecting all sectors of human life. Researchers are interested in providing solutions for each kind of waste material. Waste glass is one of the waste materials whose amounts increase daily. This article deals with two types of modified cement mortar with glass granular in the masonry wall to find their effect on the wall's property (direct tensile, flexural, and compressive bond strength). Seven different mixes were prepared according to the used glass granular ratio (three mixes contained white glass with 15, 20, and 25% while three of them contained green glass granular 5, 10, and 15%, and the last mix was a controlled mix which contains no glass gr
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The present paper is an experimental study to improve the productivity of the conventional solar still. This done by modifying conventional still in a way that the distilled basin is larger than distillation basin, thus providing an increase in the condensation surface and speeding up the condensation process. Moreover, increase in the dimensions of the distilled base helps coupling reflective panels to the distilled base to reflect incident solar radiation to the distillation basin. For this purpose , two solar stills were made, one conventional designand another made according to the proposed design. The two solar stills were tested during the period from February to July 2009 under varying weather conditions of Basra, Iraq (latitude o
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In this research (100* 40* 4 cm) solar cell panel was used in Baghdad at autumn season (2010), to get best solar cell panel angles experimentally, and then a mirror (40*50 cm) is use to concentrate incident sunlight intensity on a panel. At first case we get (Tilt angle ?P =60°and Surface Azimuth angle ?P =36°E) is the best angles and other case, we add a mirror at angle = 120° at bottom of panel, then we get output power (27.48watt) is bigger than without using a mirror (25.16watt). We can benefit from these cases in variety applications.
سعي المجتمع العراقي منذ أكثر من نصف قرن مضى لإعادة استثمار عشرات المليارات من الدولارات من الإيرادات النفطية في القطاع الزراعي وهياكله وبنياته التحية، كإنشاء السدود والخزانات المائية واستصلاح الأراضي والمشاريع الإنتاجية الحيوانية والنباتية وبطاقات كادت تقترب او تتجاوز حاجز طلب السكان من الأغذية والمنتوجات الزراعية التي تغذي الصناعة الا ان الزيادة السكانية وتحسن مستوى الدخل النفطي شكلا انتقالا جدي
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