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Correction of Spherical Aberration of an Immersion Lens Operating Under Space Charge Effect Described by a 2nd Order Equation
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The present work represents a theoretical study for the correction of spherical aberration of an immersion lens of axial symmetry operating under the effect of space charge, represented by a second order function and preassigned magnification conditions in a focusing of high current ion beams. The space charge depends strongly on the value of the ionic beam current which is found to be very effective and represents an important factor effecting the value of spherical aberration .The distribution of the space charge was measured from knowing it's density .It is effect on the trajectory of the ion beam was studied. To obtain the trajectories of the charged particles which satisfy the preassined potential the axial electrostatic potential was represented by a fourth order polynomial function . To measure the optical properties of the lens and to obtain the electrode shape of the electrostatic lens we have solved Poissonequation

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Psychosocial Rehabilitation
The effect of compound exercises in developing front and back stroke skills and some physiological indicators of badminton juniors
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The accuracy of the skillful performance of the front and back dimensions of badminton in volleyball, occurs through the investment of complex exercises (physical skills) in a single performance and its characteristics that give the correct movement behavior and speed to the accuracy of the performance of the strokes as well as the identification of changes in some physiological indicators of By using these compound exercises. The research problem lies: I found a weakness in the accuracy of the performance of the front and back dimensions strike and diagnosed this through the tests that it conducted on the players to identify and know the problem, and attributed this weakness to a weakness in the necessary physical and skill abilities and t

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 26 2026
Journal Name
Modern Sport
Effect of training on anaerobic endurance according to the average efficiency in the development of physical players Wrestling Judo
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Wrestling Judo, one of the sports that have seen greatdevelopment in recent years in the world, requiring preparationphysically special, which is to be determined physical aptitude of thebad functional efficiency of the heart and lungs, Efficient physicalclosely linked to the ability of the player performance, as the physicalaptitude to play an important role the possibility of control over theaspects and physical skills during training and competition.The study aims to determine the effect of training on anaerobicendurance according to the average (30-60 sec) in the development ofphysical aptitude for judo players. Used a much more extremeexperimental method on a sample was Blaabat national teamwrestling judo and numbers of 16 for the play

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 12 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
The Effect of Crystallization Time and Acid Type on the Synthesis of Nano-Gamma Alumina Using Double Hydrothermal Method
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Double hydrothermal method was used to prepare nano gamma alumina   using aluminum nitrate nano hydrate and sodium aluminate as an aluminum source, CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) as surfactant, and variable acids: weak acids like; citric, and acitic acids, and strong acids like; hydrochloric and nitric acids as a bridge between aluminum salts and surfactant. Different crystallization times  12, 24, 48, and 72 hrs were applied. All the batches were prepared at pH equals to 9. XRD diffraction technique was used to investigate the crystalline nano gamma alumina pure from surfactant. N2 adsorption-desorption (BET) was used to measure the surface area and pore volume of the prepared nano alumina, the average p

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 26 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Effect of post-pressing times on adaptation of maxillary heat cured acrylic denture base at posterior palatal seal area
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Background: The purpose of this study was to verify the influence of post- pressing time of acrylic resin (immediate, 6, 12 and 24 hour) on the dimensional accuracy of denture base whish is a critical factor in the retention and stability of the complete denture that may occur during polymerization shrinkage. Materials and Methods: Forty maxillary stone casts were poured in plastic mold (Columbia Dentoform corp. NEW YORK, type III dental stone (Geastone, Zeus Sri Loc.Tamburine Roccastrada, GR, Italy). The stone casts were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 10 specimens each according to the post-pressing times into (immediate, 6, 12 and 24 h.). Heat cure acrylic resin denture base was constructed according to the previously mentioned pressi

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 26 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Effect of surface treatments and thermocycling on shear bond strength of various artificial teeth with different denture base materials
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Background: Separation and deboning of artificial teeth from denture bases present a major clinical and labortory problem which affect both the patient and the dentist. The optimal bond strength of artificial teeth with denture base reinforced with nanofillers and flexible denture bases and the effect of thermo cycling should be evaluated. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of artificial teeth (acrylic and porcelain) with denture bases reinforced by 5% Zirconium oxide nanofillers and flexible bases under the effect of different surface treatments and thermo cycling and comparing the results with conventional water bath cured denture bases. Material and methods: Two types of artificial teeth; acrylic and

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 15 2021
Journal Name
Sustainability
Effect of Biofertilizer in Organic and Conventional Systems on Growth, Yield and Baking Quality of Hard Red Winter Wheat
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A two-year study (harvest years 2019 and 2020) was conducted to investigate the effect of a commercially available biofertilizer, in combination with variable nitrogen (N) rate, on bread baking quality and agronomic traits in hard winter wheat grown in conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) farming systems in Kentucky, USA. The hard red winter wheat cultivar ‘Vision 45’ was used with three N rates (44, 89.6 and 134.5 kg/ha as Low, Med and High, respectively) and three biofertilizer spray regimes (no spray, one spray and two sprays). All traits measured were significantly affected by the agricultural production system (CONV or ORG) and N rate, although trends in their interactions were inconsistent between years. In Y2, yield was

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Cytotoxic Effect of the Extract of Anchusa strigosa (Him Him) Grown in Jordan Against Different Cancer Cell Lines
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Anchusa strigosa - prickly alkanet from Boraginaceae grows in roadsides, and fields of a broad range of habitats from mediterranean woodlands, to steppe vegetation, to true desert. It is commonly known as" him him" or "lisan al thawr". Anchusa can withstand hard weather conditions and hence is widely cultivated. The color of its flowers can range from pure white to deep cobalt blue. Various parts of A. strigosa are used in traditional medicine for treating several diseases or symptoms, such as abdominal pain, bronchitis, cough, and diarrhea. The goal of this study was to examine the cytotoxic effect of the crude extract of A. strigosa roots and leaves and their fractions against various tumor cell lines: adenoc

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 26 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Effect of orthodontic tooth movement on salivary levels of Interleukin-1beta, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, and C- reactive protein
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Background: Orthodontic force is considered to stimulate cells in the periodontium to release many mediators such as cytokines which play a responsible role for periodontal and alveolar bone remodeling, bone resorption and new bone deposition. Aim of this study was carried out to estimate changes of the (interleukin-one beta, tumor necrosis factor – alpha and C-reactive protein) levels in unstimulated whole saliva during the leveling stage of orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of thirty adult patients (12 males and 18 females) with ages ranges (19-23) years. Each sample had Class I and Class II malocclusion dental classification and required bilateral extraction of their maxillary first premolars, und

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
The effect of some environmental variables on the abundance and distribution of aquatic macrophytes in Al-Hawizeh marsh, Iraq
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Abstract<p>Aquatic macrophyte communities and environmental factors were studied at four Al-Hawizeh marsh sites from December 2017 until November 2018. Quantitative data from thirty species of aquatic plants were collected to investigate density, vegetation cover, biomass and their relationship to the environmental factors. For emerging plants, relative abundance reached the highest values (36%) than submerged and wet species, while free-floating plants produced the lowest value (17%).Physical and chemical properties have been studied including water temperature ranging from 11.3 ° C in January to 31.4 ° C in August, dissolved oxygen (DO)ranging from 1.88 mg/L in September to 10.5 mg / L in Ap</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 07 2008
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
EFFECT OF HARDENING TO DROUGHT TOLERANCE ON THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF SUNFLOWER PLANT. I. MOISTURE PERCENTAGEIN ROOT AND STEM
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Two field experiments were conducted during the spring seasons of 2000,2001.The aim was to study the effect of hardening to drought tolerance on moisture percentage in root and stem of sunflower plant during growth stages . Asplit-split plots design was used with three replications.The main plots included irrigation treatments:irrigation to100%(full irrigation),75and50%of available soil water.The sub plots were the cultivars Euroflor and Flame.The sub-sub plots represented four seed soaking treatments :Control(unsoaked),soaking in water ,Paclobutrazol solution(250ppm),and Pix solution(500ppm). The soaking continued for 24 hours then seeds were dried at room temperature until they regained their original weight. Amount of water

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