Transparent thin films of CdO:Ce has been deposited on to glass and silicon substrates by spray pyrolysis technique for various concentrations of cerium (2, 4, and 6 Vol.%). CdO:Ce films were characterized using different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy(AFM) and optical properties. XRD analysis show that CdO films exhibit cubic crystal structure with (1 1 1) preferred orientation and the intensity of the peak increases with increasing's of Ce contain when deposited films on glass substrate, while for silicon substrate, the intensity of peaks decreases, the results reveal that the grain size of the prepared thin film is approximately (73.75-109.88) nm various with increased of cerium content. With a surface roughness of (0.871–16.2) nm as well as root mean square of (1.06-19.7) nm for glass substrate, while for silicon (84.79-107.48) nm, for a pure CdO and doped with Ce (2, 4, and 6 Vol.%). The 300-nm-thin CdO films showed that the optical energy band gap equal 2.6 eV, and increases with increasing doping until reaches a maximum value of 3.25 eV when doping levels 6 Vol.%.
In this study, geopolymer mortar was designed in various experimental combinations employing 1% micro steel fibers and was subjected to different temperatures, according to the prior works of other researchers. The geopolymer mortar was developed using a variety of sustainable material proportions (fly ash and slag) to examine the influence of fibers on its strength. The fly ash weight percentage was 50%, 60%, and 70% by slag weight to study its effect on the geopolymer mortar's properties. The optimal ratio produced the most significant results when mixed at a 50:50 ratio of fly ash and slag with 1% micro steel fibers at curing temperature 240oC for 4 hours through two days. The compressive strength of the geopolymer mortar increas
... Show MoreCrude oil still affects many countries because it is one of the essential fuel sources. It makes life more manageable in modern communities and cannot be overstated because it is easy to use and find. However, the pollution caused by its use in industries such as mining, transportation, and the oil and gas business, especially soil pollution, cannot be ignored. Soil pollution is an issue in most communities because it influences people and ecology. Accidental infusions and spills of ore oils are prevalent occurrences leading to the entire or fractional exchange of the soil pore fluid by oil-contaminated soils that have affected the geotechnical engineering properties. The liquid limitations for polluted soil grades silty loam and sa
... Show MoreCrude oil still affects many countries because it is one of the essential fuel sources. It makes life more manageable in modern communities and cannot be overstated because it is easy to use and find. However, the pollution caused by its use in industries such as mining, transportation, and the oil and gas business, especially soil pollution, cannot be ignored. Soil pollution is an issue in most communities because it influences people and ecology. Accidental infusions and spills of ore oils are prevalent occurrences leading to the entire or fractional exchange of the soil pore fluid by oil-contaminated soils that have affected the geotechnical engineering properties. The liquid limitations for polluted soil grades silty loam and sa
... Show MoreThe first aim in this paper is to introduce the definition of fuzzy absolute value on the vector space of all real numbers then basic properties of this space are investigated. The second aim is to prove some properties that finite dimensional fuzzy normed space have.
This research studied the effects of modified BaTiO3 (BT) nanoparticles with coupling agent γ-APS (0.5wt. %) on the tensile and thermal conductivity of epoxy nanocomposites with respect to content (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 3 and 5wt. %). Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at different concentration (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1 wt. %) were added to the BaTiO3/epoxy nanocomposites. The influence of MWCNTs on the tensile properties and thermal conductivity was investigated. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of BaTiO3/epoxy nanocomposites film were increased at up to 3 wt. % of added BT, but adding BT at more than 3 wt.% decreased the strength of epoxy. The tensile strength was increased with incre
... Show MoreSlurry-infiltrated fibrous concrete (SIFCON) is a special type of concrete that has great strength, as well as high ductility. However, the unit weight is high, which exceeds the unit weight of fiber-reinforced concrete, because of the high fiber content. This research aims to verify the compressive and flexural strength, as well as the density of SIFCON when using two different fibers (steel and polyolefin). Sometimes mono type of fiber steel or polyolefin, sometimes by hybridizing two types of fiber steel + polyplefin. Volume fraction (6% for all species) was used. Hook-end steel fiber and polyolefin fiber are used. With hybridization, a total volume fraction of 6% was used, which
This study included preparation for the unsaturated polyester samples before and after reinforced by the Alumina oxide powder of different volume fraction amounting (2%,4%,6%). And this research included the study of some of mechanical properties such as (Hardness,compressive,wear). The results showed that the increase of the hardness and compressive strength after the reinforced and the increase with the volume fraction increase. As the wear test shows that the wear rate increases with applied load increase(5,10,15) from (10.6-18.6) gm/cm befor reninforced and from(5.4-15.2)gm/cm,(4.7-12.9)gm/cm,(48.1)gm/cm,after reinforced from the different volume fraction, and t
... Show MoreThis paper reports on the experimental study, which conducted a series of triaxial tests for the asphalt concrete using hydrated lime as a mineral additive. Three HMA mixes, prepared by the specification for wearing, levelling and base layers, were studied under three different temperatures. The test results have demonstrated that, compared with the control mixes excluding HL, the permanent deformation resistance of the HL modified mixes has significant improvement. The deformation has been reduced at the same load repetition number, meanwhile the flow number has been considerably increased. The degree of improvement in permanent deformation resistance using HL is more pronounced at high stress deviation states and high temperature.
... Show MoreThis study exposed to use the liquid whey (which was produced from of soft cheese processed) partially or completely instead of milk in fatty cake, this whey residue is still not used, instead it is thrown in rivers which effect different environment and economic problems. Different concentrations was used (25% , 50% , 75% , and 100%) of whey in baked cake , Volume , height and other different properties ( panel taste ) was studied too . Sensory evaluation results showed that an improved in all the character of the baked cake was happen by the used of 25% and 50% of the whey in comparison with the control treatment, the 75% replacement showed a decrease in appearance , texture and tenderness , while the degrees of color and fla
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