Breast mass is by far the most important clinical problem that concerns the breast today. This study was carried out to evaluate diode laser as a cutting tool in breast mass excision and as a hemostatic tool for coagulation during surgery. Using 810 nm diode laser with optical fiber 600μm in diameter of conical tip, udder (cow's breast) tissue, and three female patients (mean age of 35.5 y with clinically palpable breast mass) had been used in this study. The patients were followed up regularly postoperatively. In preliminary work on udder tissue, the power needed for cutting and excision was 15W (power density= 5.3 kW/cm2). The time consumed for excision of a piece of udder tissue, 40×10×3 mm in dimensions was 5 min. The depth range of cutting was 2-3 mm. The speed of cutting was 0.6 cm/s. In the clinical work, the power needed for excision was 15 W (5.3 kW/cm2 power density). Power used for coagulation was ranging between 10-15W depending on diameter of blood vessel, the overall blood loss during surgery and postoperatively appeared to be less than that in conventional method. The contact laser scalpel produced clear appearance of surgical margin and saved dissection. Hemostatic capability assured clear anatomical visualization and few ligatures. No clinical evidence of infection at the wound site postoperatively. The results showed that the diode laser is effective in minimizing the intra-operative blood loss, postoperative blood loss, and effective in reducing the postoperative pain, swelling and edema. On follow up the patients were presented with relatively better healing progress, no wound infections, and no need for strong pain killer postoperatively.
In this article, the high accuracy and effectiveness of forecasting global gold prices are verified using a hybrid machine learning algorithm incorporating an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO). The hybrid approach had successes that enabled it to be a good strategy for practical use. The ARIMA-ANFIS hybrid methodology was used to forecast global gold prices. The ARIMA model is implemented on real data, and then its nonlinear residuals are predicted by ANFIS, ANFIS-PSO, and ANFIS-GWO. The results indicate that hybrid models improve the accuracy of single ARIMA and ANFIS models in forecasting. Finally, a comparison was made between the hybrid foreca
... Show MoreIn this paper, we deal with games of fuzzy payoffs problem while there is uncertainty in data. We use the trapezoidal membership function to transform the data into fuzzy numbers and utilize the three different ranking function algorithms. Then we compare between these three ranking algorithms by using trapezoidal fuzzy numbers for the decision maker to get the best gains
The research starts from a fundamental problem about how top management team can realize the uncertainty. Strategic conversation has been introduced as a way for top management team to deal with uncertainties. Within the current research model, the strategic conversation was considered as an independent variable and uncertainty as dependent variable. The researcher used the survey method by distributed a questionnaire in the Administration and Economics College, University of Baghdad. Samples are 40 faculty participant of scientific committee members were distributed in seven scientific departments. The data were statistically analyzed by mean and the standard deviation. The hypotheses were tested through the use of correlation and regressi
... Show MoreThis investigation was carried out to study the treatment and recycling of wastewater in the Battery industry for an effluent containing lead ion. The reuse of such effluent can only be made possible by appropriate treatment method such as electro coagulation.
The electrochemical process, which uses a cell comprised aluminum electrode as anode and stainless steel electrode as cathode was applied to simulated wastewater containing lead ion in concentration 30 – 120 mg/l, at different operational conditions such as current density 0.4-1.2 mA/cm2, pH 6 -10 , and time 10 - 180 minute.
The results showed that the best operating conditions for complete lead removal (100%) at maximum concentration 120 mg/l was found to be 1.2 mA/cm2 cur
This paper discusses the problem of decoding codeword in Reed- Muller Codes. We will use the Hadamard matrices as a method to decode codeword in Reed- Muller codes.In addition Reed- Muller Codes are defined and encoding matrices are discussed. Finally, a method of decoding is explained and an example is given to clarify this method, as well as, this method is compared with the classical method which is called Hamming distance.
Drilling fluid loss during drilling operation is undesirable, expensive and potentially hazardous problem.
Nasiriyah oil field is one of the Iraqi oil field that suffer from lost circulation problem. It is known that Dammam, um-Radoma, Tayarat, Shiranish and Hartha are the detecting layers of loss circulation problem. Different type of loss circulation materials (LCMs) ranging from granular, flakes and fibrous were used previously to treat this problem.
This study presents the application of rice as a lost circulation material that used to mitigate and stop the loss problem when partial or total losses occurred.
The experim
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For desulfurization of naphtha, NaY zeolite was prepared from Dewekhala kaolin clay (Al-Anbar region). For the prepared zeolite adsorbent, x-ray diffraction, sodium content, silica to alumina ratio, surface area, bulk density and crushing strength were determined. From the x-ray diffraction of the prepared NaY zeolite and by a comparison with the standard NaY zeolite, it was found that the prepared adsorbent in this work has approximately the same crystal structure as the standard. Adsorption process was done in a laboratory unit at 25
... Show MoreWith the spread of global markets for modern technical education and the diversity of programs for the requirements of the local and global market for information and communication technology, the universities began to race among themselves to earn their academic reputation. In addition, they want to enhance their technological development by developing IMT systems with integrated technology as the security and fastest response with the speed of providing the required service and sure information and linking it The network and using social networking programs with wireless networks which in turn is a driver of the emerging economies of technical education. All of these facilities opened the way to expand the number of students and s
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