Abstract

Due to the continuing demand for larger bandwidth, the optical transport becoming general in the access network. Using optical fiber technologies, the communications infrastructure becomes powerful, providing very high speeds to transfer a high capacity of data. Existing telecommunications infrastructures is currently widely used Passive Optical Network that apply Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and is awaited to play an important role in the future Internet supporting a large diversity of services and next generation networks. This paper presents a design of WDM-PON network, the simulation and analysis of transmission parameters in the Optisystem 7.0 environment for bidirectional traffic. The sim

Today, problems of spatial data integration have been further complicated by the rapid development in communication technologies and the increasing amount of available data sources on the World Wide Web. Thus, web-based geospatial data sources can be managed by different communities and the data themselves can vary in respect to quality, coverage, and purpose. Integrating such multiple geospatial datasets remains a challenge for geospatial data consumers. This paper concentrates on the integration of geometric and classification schemes for official data, such as Ordnance Survey (OS) national mapping data, with volunteered geographic information (VGI) data, such as the data derived from the OpenStreetMap (OSM) project. Useful descriptions o

In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using a plasma jet system at different exposure times. Using ultraviolet, visible spectra, X-ray diffraction, the nanoparticles were characterized (XRD). A Plasmon surface resonance concentrated at 530, 540, and 533 nm for the prepared AuNPs. The pattern of XRD showed that the extreme peaks of the film reflect crystalline existence. The face-centered cubic structure of the gold nanoparticles was prepared for all samples, with an average crystallite size of 25-40 nm. The effect of AuNPs in vivo on liver function levels was measured. For all doses, we notice an increase in the ranks of liver function in the blood during the period of dosing, and it begins to decrease when the dosi

 This paper comprises the design and operation of mono-static backscatter lidar station based on a pulsed Nd: YAG laser that operates at multiple wavelengths. The three-color lidar laser transmitter is based on the collinear fundamental 1064 nm, second harmonic 532 nm and a third harmonic 355nm output of a Nd:YAG laser. The most important parameter of lidar especially daytime operations is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) which gives some instructions in designing of lidar and it is often limit the effective range. The reason is that noises or interferences always badly affect the measured results. The inversion algorithms have been developed for the study of atmospheric aerosols. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of three-color channel re

     The stress(Y) – strength(X) model reliability Bayesian estimation which defines life of a component with strength X and stress Y (the component fails if and only if at any time the applied stress is greater than its strength) has been studied, then the reliability; R=P(Y<X), can be considered as a measure of the component performance. In this paper, a Bayesian analysis has been considered for R when the two variables X and Y are independent Weibull random variables with common parameter α in order to study the effect of each of the two different scale parameters β and λ; respectively, using three different [weighted, quadratic and entropy] loss functions under two different prior functions [Gamma and extension of Jeffery

One of the most important problems in tablet process is to control the flow of the catalyst through the hopper; Controlling the flow can be done either by changing the size of particles or added the different lubricant (stearic acid, starch, graphite) or blending of different lubricants. The study showed that we can control (increase or decrease) on the flow of the catalyst through the hopper by blending different lubricants for the constant percentage. The flow increasing when particles size (0.6 mm) and then decrease with or without lubricants, no effect on flow when particles size lower than (0.2 mm) with use that lubricants, and good flow on (0.4 mm) when use stearic acid and starch.

In this work ,the modified williamos-Hall method was used to analysis the x-ray diffraction lines for powder of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (Mgo) .and for diffraction lines (111),(200),(220),(311) and (222).where by used special programs such as origin pro Lab and Get Data Graph ,to calculate the Full width at half maximum (FWHM) and integral breadth (B) to calculate the area under the curve for each of the lines of diffraction .After that , by using modified Williamson –Hall equations to determin the values of crystallite size (D),lattice strain (ε),stress( σ ) and energy (U) , where was the results are , D=17.639 nm ,ε =0.002205 , σ=0.517 and U=0.000678 respectively. And then using the scherrer method can by calculated the crystal

in this work the polymides were prepared as rthemally stable polymers by diffrent ways

A research was conducted to determine the feasibility of using adsorption process to remove boron from aqueous solutions using batch technique. Three adsorbent materials; magnesium, aluminum and iron oxide were investigated to find their abilities for boron removal. The effects of operational parameters on boron removal efficiency for each material were determined.
The experimental results revealed that maximum boron removal was achieved at pH 9.5 for magnesium oxide and 8 for aluminum and iron oxide. The percentage of boron adsorbed onto magnesium,aluminum and iron oxide reaches up to 90, 42.5 and 41.5% respectively under appropriate conditions. Boron concentration in effluent water after adsorption via magnesium oxide comply with th

During the last decade, there has been a concern about the relation between aluminum residuals in treated water and Alzheimer disease, and more interest has been considered on the development of natural coagulants. The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of alum as a primary coagulant in conjunction with mallow, Arabic gum and okra as coagulant aids for the treatment of water samples containing synthetic turbidity of kaolin. Jar test experiments were carried out for initial raw water turbidities 100, 200 and 500 (NTU). The optimum doses of alum, mallow, Arabic gum and okra were 20, 2, 1 and 1 mg/L for100 NTU turbidity level, 35, 4, 2 and 3 mg/L , for 200NTU turbidity level and 50, 8, 10 and 8 mg/L for 500 NTU turbidity leve