An improved Metal Solar Wall (MSW) with integrated thermal energy storage is presented in this research. The proposed MSW makes use of two, combined, enhanced heat transfer methods. One of the methods is characterized by filling the tested ducts with a commercially available copper Wired Inserts (WI), while the other one uses dimpled or sinusoidal shaped duct walls instead of plane walls. Ducts having square or semi-circular cross sectional areas are tested in this work.
A developed numerical model for simulating the transported thermal energy in MSW is solved by finite difference method. The model is described by system of three governing energy equations. An experimental test rig has been built and six new duct configurations have b

This study examines patterns of exposure of Iraqi university students to selective daily Iraqi newspapers and the motives of this exposure, as well as its associated factors that affect the average exposure. It tries to answer several questions, including those related to the levels of exposure of Iraqi university students to daily Iraqi newspapers and classification of patterns of selective exposure to daily Iraqi newspapers and the most prominent Iraqi daily newspapers that are selectively exposed by Iraqi university students. It also examines the motives of this selective exposure and factors that increase the degree of exposure to the daily Iraqi newspapers, and the most prominent stages in which Iraqi university students find their

In the beta decay process, a neutron converts into a proton, or vice versa, so the atom in this process changes to a more stable isobar. Bethe-Weizsäcker used a quasi-experimental formula in the present study to find the most stable isobar for isobaric groups of mass nuclides (A=165-175). In a group of isobars, there are two methods of calculating the most stable isobar. The most stable isobar represents the lowest parabola value by calculating the binding energy value (B.E) for each nuclide in this family, and then drawing these binding energy values as a function of the atomic number (Z) in order to obtain the mass parabolas, the second method is by calculating the atomic number value of the most stable isobar (ZA). The results show

This paper presents stochastic analysis using the perturbation method to model the structure of a container to verify the distributions of probability of maximum and minimum axial forces reactions in piles. The proposed simulation of a container port terminal under 11 scenarios of load combinations was presented. The probability distributions for live loads are assigned according to the input parameters of simulation data. Part of the load itself is implicitly combined such as vertical live load which includes the weight of equipment and containers and wind load. The structural model was simulated in the software STAAD Pro., while the statistical analyses were performed with MATLAB. The results demonstrated that, the most significant extern

Pregnancy pose an additional burden on the body of the mother so as to meet their needs and the needs of the fetus and the body's need to iron increases excessively during pregnancy and iron is an essential element for the formation of hemoglobin blood Either hemoglobin is the key ingredient for red blood cells which carries oxygen to parts of the body, alas, most of the pregnant women begin their pregnancy inadequate stocks of iron in their bodies, which does not cover their need and requirement of the fetus, especially in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy When you reach the mother to the period in which they did not have the adequate amount of iron to produce hemoglobin become the mother was anemic So emerged the problem of

charge transfer complex formed by interaction between the p- aminodiphenylamine (PADPA) as electron donor with iodine as electron acceptor in ethanol at 250C as evidenced by color change and absorption. The spectrum obtained from complex PADPA – Iodine shows absorptions bands at 586 nm. All the variables which affected on the stability of complex were studies such as temperature, pH, time and concentration of acceptor. The linearity of the method was observed within a concentration rang (10–165) mg.L-1 and with a correlation coefficient (0.9996), while the molar absorbitivity and sandell sensitivity were (4643.32) L.mol-1.cm-1 and (0.0943) μg.cm-2, respectively. The adsorption of complex PADPA–I2 was studied using adsorbent surfaces

A perturbed linear system with property of strong observability ensures that there is a sliding mode observer to estimate the unknown form inputs together with states estimation. In the case of the electro-hydraulic system with piston position measured output, the above property is not met. In this paper, the output and its derivatives estimation were used to build a dynamic structure that satisfy the condition of strongly observable. A high order sliding mode observer (HOSMO) was used to estimate both the resulting unknown perturbation term and the output derivatives. Thereafter with one signal from the whole system (piton position), the piston position make tracking to desire one with a simple linear output feedback controller after ca