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Using Different Surfactants to Increase Oil Recovery of Rumaila Field (Experimental Work)
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Enhanced oil recovery is used in many mature oil reservoirs to increase the oil recovery factor. Surfactant flooding has recently gained interest again. To create micro emulsions at the interface between crude oil and water, surfactant flooding is the injection of surfactants (and co-surfactants) into the reservoir, thus achieving very low interfacial tension, which consequently assists mobilize the trapped oil.

In this study a flooding system, which has been  manufactured and described at high pressure. The flooding processes included oil, water and surfactants. 15 core holders has been prepared at first stage of the experiment and  filled with washed sand grains 80-500 mm and then packing the sand to obtain sand packs samples for experiment. It was found that the best rate for water injection was 1.2 PV. Productively, while the optimum injection rate was 1.0 PV economically.

The study observed that the cost of water injection in secondary recovery increased 700% when PV injected increased from 1.0 PV to 8.0 PV, while the recovery increased only about 8% (58.77 – 66.7%).

The effects of  concentration, salinity and temperature is also explored by examined many values of each parameter according to surface tension by using capillary rise method. It was found that the optimum conditions for surfactant flooding for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 0.01 molar for concentration, 5500 P.P.M for salinity and 70 °C for temperatures. These conditions was used  to all kinds of surfactants that have been used in this study.

The study results indicated that the best surfactant in both productively and economically was SDS with maximum recovery about 90% for each secondary and tertiary recovery and the optimum injection volume for all surfactants 1.2 PV .

Another 12 Core holders with fixed pore volume were prepared for the second stage of the experiment. At this stage the pore volume was approximately constant and the variation included different values of SDS concentrations (0.1 and 0.001 Molar) and different values of salinity (1000 P.P.M and 3000 P.P.M) and temperature equal to  90 °C. Each value for concentration was experimented with the two values of salinity which in result obtaining four flooding conditions. Each condition was flooded by three injection rates (50, 120, 200 %). The results proved the results obtained from the first stage.

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Publication Date
Wed May 18 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
Representations of women in the subject of freedom: سهاد حسن مانع
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Artist kicks off in his production through creative artistic assimilation to the production of concepts and experiences, which can decode the artist blades through the re-built and converted to the subject of my mind according to the processes of analysis and synthesis. Artist need the expertise and experience to complete the technical work, and to develop taste aesthetic, and achieve certain goals belonging to Resume artist, diversity of artistic experiences between mechanism represents a female form and expression of contents and visions that carry letters of freedom in accordance with the creative visual surfaces embody the image of women, the main speeches adopted by propositions technical artists, and artists who relied female form

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 25 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Design of Expert System for Managing the System of AthTharthar Lake
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The operation and management of water resources projects have direct and significant effects on the optimum use of water. Artificial intelligence techniques are a new tool used to help in making optimized decisions, based on knowledge bases in the planning, implementation, operation and management of projects as well as controlling flowing water quantities to prevent flooding and storage of excess water and use it during drought.

 In this research, an Expert System was designed for operating and managing the system of AthTharthar Lake (ESSTAR). It was applied for all expected conditions of flow, including the cases of   drought, normal flow, and during floods. Moreover, the cases of hypothetical op

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Properties of the Adjoint Operator of a General Fuzzy Bounded Operator
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Our goal in the present paper is to recall the concept of general fuzzy normed space and its basic properties in order to define the adjoint operator of a general fuzzy bounded operator from a general fuzzy normed space V into another general fuzzy normed space U. After that basic properties of the adjoint operator were proved then the definition of fuzzy reflexive general fuzzy normed space was introduced in order to prove that every finite dimensional general fuzzy normed space is fuzzy reflexive.

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 12 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of additive polyvinyl alcohol polymer on properties of cement – Silica
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Study the effect of additives polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) after solving in water by concentration 10% since represent a standard of PVA solution with added to cement – silica composite of ratio (1:2) with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% respectively to the standard quantity of water which using as a mortar of building. The results are demonstrate increasing on compression resistance with increase of PVA solution until 20%, and decreasing of thermal conductivity which represent a composite are increasing in thermal insulating. The results were recommended decreasing of water absorption with increase of PVA solution ratio as illustrated in this study.

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
THE IMAGE OF THE IRAQI IN THE MENTALITY OF THE ITALIANS
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Increased interest in the subject of the image because of its great and growing link to the life of the individual and society and its impact on the overall political, economic and cultural conditions. This interest is no longer confined to the images of people or institutions, but has become beyond that to the images of countries and peoples and the impact on bilateral relations between them,

However, we find that the image of the Iraqi abroad remained vague and has not been scientifically recognized and the most that we can generalize are the features of the image of Arabs and Muslims abroad; and assume that the image of the Iraqi applies to them as the Iraqi is in the end an Arab or Muslim.

Based on this, the research

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Publication Date
Sat May 16 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Quantitative analysis of the economic characteristics of the land transport network
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Highway network could be considered as a function of the developmental level of the region, that it is representing the sensitive nerve of the economic activity and the corner stone for the implementation of development plans and developing the spatial structure. The main theme of this thesis is to show the characteristics of the regional highway network of Anbar and to determine the most important effective spatial characteristics and the dimension of that effect negatively or positively. Further this thesis tries to draw an imagination for the connection between highway network as a spatial phenomenon and the surrounded natural and human variables within the spatial structure of the region. This thesis aiming also to determine the natu

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 31 2012
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
The Effect of Doppler Phenomenon on the Speed of Blood Flow
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This research studying the phenomenon of Doppler (frequency Doppler) as a method through which the direction and speed of the blood cells flows in blood vessels wear measured. This Doppler frequency is relied upon in medicine for measuring the speed of blood flow, because the blood flow is an important concept from the concepts of medicine. It represents the function and efficient of the heart and blood vessels in the body so any defect in this function will appear as a change in the speed of blood flow from the normal value assumed. As this speed changes alot in cases of  disease and morbidity  of the heart, so in order to identify the effect of changing the Doppler frequency on the speed of blood flow and the relationship of

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Trends of journalists and consumers about the phenomenon of food fraud
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Food comes after air and water in terms of importance in the survival of human beings, In addition, it is the support and strength of health and support, if lost or destroyed man would die or get sick and become a heavy burden on himself and his society. Food, like other sources of life, is subject to various risks and corruption comes from countless sources. Among these dangers is the result of spontaneousness, lack of knowledge or compulsion due to the interaction of variables beyond the will of the producer and the consumer, such as pollution of water, air and environment and their reflection on food consumed by people. However, we can’t deny that some reasons of corruption are intentional and resulting from a planning in advance in

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 02 2015
Journal Name
Lap Lambert Academic Publishing
The role of tibialis posterior transfer in correction of foot drop
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 06 2009
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of salinity on survival, development and growth of Artemia sp.
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This study aimed to determine the possibility of culturing genus Artemia in under laboratory conditions for locally culturing and producing. Different salinity concentrations were used, ranging from 5-40g/l . the results showed that the concentration 30g/l is the best for hatching. This concentration recorded hatching efficiency of 68800 nauplii/g cysts and hatching percentage of 45.86%, while the concentration 5g/l recorded less hatching efficiency and hatching percentage of 20266 nauplii/g and 13.5% respectively . Investigating the effect of salinity on individuals survival and growth using saline concentrations ranging from 30to 100g/l, revealed that the best percentage was 75.00% in the first week with 70g/l, whilst the best rates of

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