This study uses the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) technique to find the lead(Pb) and sulfur (S) plasma parameters employing a pulse of Nd: YAG laser (Q-switched 1064nm wavelength) and different laser energies of (400,500,600 and 700 mJ). The electron temperature T_e (eV) is calculated using the Boltzmann-Plot method, and the electron density n_e (cm^-3)is determined by the Stark broadened way. Moreover, Debye length λ_D (cm) and plasma frequency ω_p (Hz) are studied as a function of laser energy. An apparent increase was noted in the electron temperature of lead plasma and a decrease in sulfur plasma. The results also showed that each increase in the laser intensity causes an incr

      In this work, the effect of laser energy on the properties of a calcium plasma generated by a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser at the fundamental wavelength was studied using spectroscopy. The Boltzmann plot and Stark broadening method were used to measure the main plasma parameters (electron temperature and electron density). The electron temperature ranged ( 0.169 -0.172 ) eV, the electron density ranged ( 2.10 – 2.63 ) for laser energy range of ( 400 – 700) mJ. Other basic plasma properties were also measured, including the Debye length, the number of particles in the Debye sphere, and the plasma frequency. Laser energy affects all plasma parameters, according to our results.

A number of pulsed experiments have been carried out using a high-voltage circuit containing R,L, and C in certain arrangements. A spherical spark gap of steel electrodes was used as a high-current switch operated by a voltage of up to 8kV and triggered in both self-triggering and third-electrode triggering modes. Current measurements were carried out by using both current-viewing resistor and Rogowski coils designed for this purpose. Typical current waveforms have shown obvious dominating inductance effect of the circuit components in an underdamped oscillation. The behavior of the circuit impedance was studied by recording both pulsed current peaks and the charging voltages when currents of up to 2.5kA were recorded. The dur

The Mesopotamian soil is muddy and fertile, and so from ancient eras Iraqis used mud in their building, settlements and architecture in different methodologies according to the nature and the function of the building that was either in its pure form or by mixing it with other materials such as straw . also as raw bricks in different ways either for the whale building or parts of it, or for the finishing parts such as roofing for instance. In this research these different forms and methodologies will permeate through out a chosen examples of historical building, rural buildings and settlements and ancient buildings as well as some current uses of mud in the structures and building in standing cities, this in order to conclude some

In this work, As60Cu40-xSex thin films were synthesized, and the pulsed laser deposition method was used to study the effected partial replacement of copper with selenium. The electrical characteristics and optical characteristics, as indicated by the absorbance and transmittance as a function of wavelength were calculated. Additionally, the energy gap was computed. The electrical conductivity of the DC in the various conduction zones was calculated by measuring the current and voltage as a function of temperature. Additionally, the mathematical equations are used to compute the energy constants, electron hopping distance, tail width, pre-exponential factor, and density of the energy states in variation zones (densities of the energ

A total of 100 clinical sample from (urine, sputum and swabs of wound , burn and ear) were collected from patients in different hospitals of Baghdad during the period from December 2013 to May 2014. 15 isolates (15%) identified belong to Acinetobacter baumannii, swabs of wounds were represented in high percentage of A.baumannii isolates (40%) while percentage of other samples were variable. Susceptibility of 15 A.baumannii isolates were tested toward 16 different Antimicrobial agents, the results showed all isolates were multi drug resistant. In addition, Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique (PCR) was performed to detection the resistance genes encoding the Oxacillinases enzymes. The PCR analysis showed that the presence of insertion sequ

Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare congenital condition that results in bone fragility, recurrent fractures, and various extra-skeletal manifestations. Currently, intravenous bisphosphonate is the mainstay of medical treatment in OI. Objective: To identify the effect of current management strategies on Iraqi children diagnosed with OI. Methods: A retrospective study enrolled OI patients who were registered in Central Child Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from January 2015 to December 2022. We enrolled confirmed OI cases (either clinically and/or radiologically) who received cyclic pamidronate therapy for at least 3 cycles. They neither received other types of bisphosphonates nor underwent surgical intervention. Res

Objectives: The study aims to identify the quality of life level in schizophrenic patients and to find out the
relationships between the quality of life and some of personal characteristics for those patients with
schizophrenia.
Methodology: A descriptive correlation analytic design was used by using the assessment technique on sample
of 100 schizophrenic outpatients, who were selected purposively (non-probability sample) during the period
10/ 3/2013 - 1/ 12 /2013. The study was conducted on the schizophrenic patients in an out patient psychiatric
clinics at Ibn-Rushd; and Al-Rashad Psychiatric Teaching Hospital; Baghdad Teaching Hospital, and Al-Kadhimya
Teaching Hospital. Self administrative questionnaire was used

Devastated by the combined impact of massive drainage works and upstream damming since the 1980's, Al-Hammar Marsh, Southern Iraq, has completely collapsed with 94 % of its land cover transformed into bare land and salt crusts by 2000. After a policy initiated to restore the Iraqi marshes again in 2003, the marsh recovered about half of its former area. As a part of the ecological recovery assessment of this newly inundated marsh, it is important to investigate the extend impact of desiccation after 3 years of inundation on water quality as the latter plays an important role in the restoration process of the marshes. Therefore, from a restoration point of view, major and trace element distribution and sourcing as well as seasonal variati