In low-latitude areas less than 10° in latitude angle, the solar radiation that goes into the solar still increases as the cover slope approaches the latitude angle. However, the amount of water that is condensed and then falls toward the solar-still basin is also increased in this case. Consequently, the solar yield still is significantly decreased, and the accuracy of the prediction method is affected. This reduction in the yield and the accuracy of the prediction method is inversely proportional to the time in which the condensed water stays on the inner side of the condensing cover without collection because more drops will fall down into the basin of the solar-still. Different numbers of scraper motions per hour (NSM), that is, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, are implemented to increase the hourly yield of solar still (HYSS) of the double-slope solar still hybrid with rubber scrapers (DSSSHS) in areas at low latitudes and develop an accurate model for forecasting the HYSS. The proposed model is developed by determining the best values of the constant factors that are associated with NSM, and the optimal values of exponent (n) and the unknown constant (C) for the Nusselt number expression (Nu). These variables are used in formulating the models for estimating HYSS. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem, thereby determining the optimal yields. Water that condensed and accumulated inside the condensing glass cover of the DSSSHS is collected by increasing NSM. This process increases in the specific productivity of DSSSHS and the accuracy of the HYSS prediction model. Results show that the proposed model can consistently and accurately estimate HYSS. Based on the relative root mean square error (RRMSE), the proposed model PSO–HYSS attained a minimum value (2.81), whereas the validation models attained Dunkle’s (78.68) and Kumar and Tiwari’s (141.37).
The structure of the interrogation process in cross-examinations is said to be diverse and complex in terms of question-response typology. This is because the counsel has to extract truth from an opposing party’s witness whose views are expected to advocate that party's views regarding the case. Accordingly, the study which is basically quantitative in nature aims to investigate what the examining party intends to obtain out of these questions and which of these questions are the most prevalently used. It also aims to measure the amount of cooperativity in witnesses' responses. Accordingly, three transcripts of cross-examination have been analyzed, using a pragmatically-oriented approach. The approach draws on Stenstorm (1984) and Arch
... Show MoreAbstract: Aluminum alloys grade 6061-T6 are characterized by their excellent properties and processing characteristics which make them ideal for varieties of industrial applications under cyclic loading, aluminum alloys show less fatigue life than steel alloys of similar strength. In the current study, a nanosecond fiber laser of maximum pulse energy up to 9.9 mJ was used to apply laser shock peening process (LSP) on aluminum thin sheets to introduce residual stresses in order to enhance fatigue life under cyclic loading Box-Behnken design (BBD) based on the design of experiments (DOE) was employed in this study for experimental design data analysis, model building and optimization The effect of working parameters spot size (ω), scannin
... Show MoreA new ligand [N-(4-methoxy benzoyl amino)-thioxo methyl ] leucine (MBL) was prepared from the reaction of (4-methoxy benzoyl isothiocyanate with leucine acid in molar ratio (l:l), it was characterized by elemental analysis (C.H.N.S), FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13CNMR. The complexes of the bivalent ions (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg ) have been prepared and characterized too. The structural was established by elemental analysis (C.H.N.S), FT-IR, UV-Vis spectra, conductivity measurements atomic absorption and magnetic susceptibility and determination of molar ration (M:L). The complexes showed characteristic behavior of tetrahedral geometry around the metal ions except with (Cu) complex
... Show MoreInteracting boson model version one has been used in the present
theoretical calculations. The energy levels & their transitions for dynamical symmetry 0(6), SU(3), U(5), ground-state band, Beta band, Gamma band, B(E2), Ot, B(Ml), ,u,gt and 6(£2/Ml)have been calculated to deduce the limit of Pt-198, Z=78. The present results confirmed the nuclear behavior of this isotope lay in the
transitional region 0(6), SU(3) U(5). The calculations of 021 + & 022+
showed that the shape of this isotope is oblate according to Q21+ and pr
... Show MoreDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common microvascular complication that may lead to chronic renal failure in diabetic patients. Till now microalbuminuria, with its restrictions, is the early marker of DN, appeared after the disease exacerbation. Thus, new biomarkers are required to predict the early onset of DN before the appearance of microalbuminuria. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible use of uVDBP in the early prediction of DN. Fifty diabetic patients with DN and 40 diabetic patients without DN for both types of diabetes were enrolled in this study. All patients were tested for uACR, uVDBP (measured by ELISA), and blood HbA1c. The results demonstrated a highly significant elevation of uAC
... Show MoreTwo tetradentate ligands type (N2O2) and their complexes with CoII, NiII and ZnII ions were synthesized via two steps; in the first, the precursors W1 and W2 were synthesized from the reaction of 2,6-diamine pyridine or 2,4-diamine tolylene with 2,5-hexanedione respectively in a 2:1 mole ratio. In the second step the ligands [H2L1] and [H2L2] were prepared from the reaction of the two precursor’s with 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde in 1:2 mole ratio. Metal complexes were synthesized by the reaction of the ligands with equivalent amounts of the metal chloride. The prepared compounds were characterized with the
... Show MoreBackground: Tooth wear is one of the most common problems in the older dentate population which results from the interaction of three processes (attrition, abrasion and erosion) and it affects all societies, different age groups, and all cultures. This study was achieved to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of tooth wear among institutionalized residents in Baghdad city\ Iraq. Subjects and Methods: This survey was accomplished on four private and one governmental institution in Baghdad city. One-hundred twenty three (61 males, 62 females) aged 50-89 years were participated in this study. The diagnosis and recording of tooth wear were according to criteria of Smith and Knight. Results: The prevalence of tooth wear was 100% with a mean
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