In low-latitude areas less than 10° in latitude angle, the solar radiation that goes into the solar still increases as the cover slope approaches the latitude angle. However, the amount of water that is condensed and then falls toward the solar-still basin is also increased in this case. Consequently, the solar yield still is significantly decreased, and the accuracy of the prediction method is affected. This reduction in the yield and the accuracy of the prediction method is inversely proportional to the time in which the condensed water stays on the inner side of the condensing cover without collection because more drops will fall down into the basin of the solar-still. Different numbers of scraper motions per hour (NSM), that is, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, are implemented to increase the hourly yield of solar still (HYSS) of the double-slope solar still hybrid with rubber scrapers (DSSSHS) in areas at low latitudes and develop an accurate model for forecasting the HYSS. The proposed model is developed by determining the best values of the constant factors that are associated with NSM, and the optimal values of exponent (n) and the unknown constant (C) for the Nusselt number expression (Nu). These variables are used in formulating the models for estimating HYSS. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem, thereby determining the optimal yields. Water that condensed and accumulated inside the condensing glass cover of the DSSSHS is collected by increasing NSM. This process increases in the specific productivity of DSSSHS and the accuracy of the HYSS prediction model. Results show that the proposed model can consistently and accurately estimate HYSS. Based on the relative root mean square error (RRMSE), the proposed model PSO–HYSS attained a minimum value (2.81), whereas the validation models attained Dunkle’s (78.68) and Kumar and Tiwari’s (141.37).
The problems of cultural displacement and a shaky sense of one's own identity
have been the main concern of the twentieth century Caribbean writer, Jean Rhys. As
a white Creole writer living in England, Rhys attempts to capture the ambivalence of
what it means to be caught between two cultures and never able to identify fully with
any one .Born to a Welsh father and a Creole(white West Indian) mother on the island
of Dominica in the West Indies, Jean Rhys was white but not English, West Indian but
not black. Her sense of belonging to the West Indies was necessarily charged with
awareness of being part of another culture. Thus, the ambiguity of being an
insider/outsider in both the metropolis, England, and the colo
In this paper, we present a comparison of double informative priors which are assumed for the parameter of inverted exponential distribution.To estimate the parameter of inverted exponential distribution by using Bayes estimation ,will be used two different kind of information in the Bayes estimation; two different priors have been selected for the parameter of inverted exponential distribution. Also assumed Chi-squared - Gamma distribution, Chi-squared - Erlang distribution, and- Gamma- Erlang distribution as double priors. The results are the derivations of these estimators under the squared error loss function with three different double priors.
Additionally Maximum likelihood estimation method
... Show MoreA thin film of AgInSe2 and Ag1-xCuxInSe2 as well as n-Ag1-xCuxInSe2 /p-Si heterojunction with different Cu ratios (0, 0.1, 0.2) has been successfully fabricated by thermal evaporation method as absorbent layer with thickness about 700 nm and ZnTe as window layer with thickness about 100 nm. We made a multi-layer of p-ZnTe/n-AgCuInSe2/p-Si structures, In the present work, the conversion efficiency (η) increased when added the Cu and when used p-ZnTe as a window layer (WL) the bandgap energy of the direct transition decreases from 1.75 eV (Cu=0.0) to 1.48 eV (Cu=0.2 nm) and the bandgap energy for ZnTe=2.35 eV. The measurements of the electrical properties for prepared films showed that the D.C electrical conductivity (σd.c) increase
... Show MoreThe construction sector in Iraq has faced many challenges. One of the major challenges is the lack of productivity of laborers who are working construction sites. Although research studies have been conducted to investigate, explore, and identify factors influencing labor productivity in the Middle-east region, the lack of such research studies to address these challenges in Iraq. This motivates the researcher to explore and identify the key factors affecting labor productivity in construction sites across different organizational structures (Matrix, Projectized, and functional). A survey questionnaire has been conducted using Delphi technique in order to achieve a concrete and reliab
A recent study compared experimentally the hydraulic and thermal activity of twisted tape inserts for two types, metal foam twisted tape (MFTT) and traditional twisted tape (TTT), in a double pipe heat exchanger. The investigation goal of the innovatively designed MFTT is to enhance the heat transfer process, which provides a higher thermal enhancement factor over those of TTT under the same conditions. Heat transfer activity in terms of Nusselt number (
A field experiment was conducted at the field of the Dept. of Field Crop Sci. / College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad . The objective was to determine the values of relative constant of three – way and double crosses of maize . Ten inbreds were used and crossed during spring and fall seasons of 2009 to produce three - way and double crosses , and ten hybrids were taken from each group . The ten hybrids were grown and selfed during spring 2010 to produce 2 seed . Three way and double crosses were sown with their parents and 2 seed during fall 2010 in RCBD with four replicates . Leaf area , total dry matter , row/ear , grain/ear , grain weight and grain weight/plant of hybrids , parents and 2 plants were taken . Results showed that
... Show MoreAluminum doped zinc selenide ZnSe/n-Si thin films of (250∓20 nm) thickness with (0.01, 0.02 and 0.03), are depositing on the two type of substrate (glass and n-Si) to manufacture (ZnSe/n-Si) solar cell through using thermal vacuum evaporation procedure. physical and optoelectronic properties were examined for the samples. X-Ray and AFM techniques are using to study the structure properties. The energy band gap of as-deposited ZnSe thin films for changed dopant ratio were ranging from (2.6-2.68 eV). The results of Hall effect show that pure and doping films were (p-type), and the concentration carriers and the carriers mobility increases with increase Al-dopant ratio. The (C-V) have shown that the heterojunction were of abrupt type. In add
... Show MoreThe efficiency evaluation of the railway lines performance is done through a set of indicators and criteria, the most important are transport density, the productivity of enrollee, passenger vehicle production, the productivity of freight wagon, and the productivity of locomotives. This study includes an attempt to calculate the most important of these indicators which transport density index from productivity during the four indicators, using artificial neural network technology. Two neural networks software are used in this study, (Simulnet) and (Neuframe), the results of second program has been adopted. Training results and test to the neural network data used in the study, which are obtained from the international in
... Show MoreA new family of distribution named Double-Exponential-X family is proposed. The proposed family is generated from the double exponential distribution. The forms of the probability densities and hazard functions of two distinct subfamilies of the proposed family are examined and reported. Generalproperties such as moment, survival, order statistics, probability weighted moments and quartile functions of the models are investigated. A sub family of the developed family of double –Exponential-X family of the distribution known as double-Exponential-Pareto distribution was used to fit a real life data on the use of antiretroviral drugs. Molecular simulation of efficacy of antiretroviral drugs is conducted to evaluate the performance of the
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