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EXTRACTING PECTIN FROM TOMATOES AND BEET PEELS AND USING IT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YOGURT AND COMPARING THEM
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Pectin is available in many plants and in this study, the peels of tomatoes and beet were used to be an economical source of pectin production instead of dumping it with waste or using it as animal feed. The pectin extracted from the peels using different solutions, namely citric acid (2 M), oxalic acid (2%) and hydrochloric acid (0.5 M) the outcome of the extraction methods, 7. 1%, 6% and 11% respectively for tomatoes peels, while the pectin of beet peels were 8%, 6.5%, and 8.3%, and the highest percentage obtained in the manner of hydrochloric acid adopted in the manufacture of yogurt.Yogurt was manufactured with four treatments, in the first treatment standard pectin was added and the second treatment in addition to the pectin extracted from the peels of the tomatoes and the third treatment in addition to the peels of the beet and the treatment forth without adding any pectin. The samples were incubated with 42°C for 5 hours and the flavor grades were 9.2, 7.4, 7.2, 6.6 and the viscosity were 9.1, 8.6, 8.2, 5.3 for yogurt made with standard pectin and yogurt made with pectin extracted from tomatoes peels, and yogurtmade with pectin extracted from beet peels and pectin-free milk, respectively and the same order for color 9.3, 8.2 and 7.8. To know the ability of pectin to catch water, the yogurtwas recycled in the aforementioned treatments after milk was manufactured at a low solid rate material of (10%) and the incubation period was extended to 24 hours to help the whey become clear and it was found that the pectin-free milk had exuded the whey, while the standard pectin was able to prevent the extruding entirely while there was littleexudation in the treatment containing the pectin of tomatoes. There was more exudation in the treatment containing the pectin of the beet.

Scopus
Publication Date
Thu Jun 11 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
The Effect of Special Exercises Using Rubber Ropes on The Development of Some Physical Abilities and Achievement in F56 Female Discuses Thrower Class
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Restaurant Business
The role of using fair value on relevance and representation faithfulness of accounting information in accordance with the common conceptual framework (FASB-IASB)
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The global trend towards the use of fair value accounting is increasing, so the current study aimed to maximize the impact of fair value application on achieving relevance and representation faithfulness of accounting information in accordance with the common conceptual framework. To achieve the objective of this study, the researcher has determined in the theoretical framework the relationship of fair value with the characteristics of relevance and representation faithfulness of accounting information and the extent of achieving these characteristics, as well as conducting a field study by preparing a questionnaire distributed to a sample of academics (50) and auditors (50) with a total number of selected participants (100) of acad

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2008
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum fungicidal concentration(MFC) of extracted oil of lemon grass and thyme against Candida spp. and Bacteria Spp. Isolated from children with oral thrush
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120 samples were collected from children (ages between new born and 10 years) who infected with oral thrush. The results revealed that the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of extracted oil of lemon grass against C.albicans, C.tropicalis, C.keyfr, C.glabrata and C.guilliermondii were 1.25,1.25,1.25,2.5 and 2.5µl/ml and 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 5 and 5 µl /ml respectively. while the (MIC) and (MFC) for the extraction oil of thyme against C.albicans, C.tropicalis, C.keyfr, C.glabrata and C.guilliermondii were 0.6, 0.6, 1.25, 1.25, and 1.25µl/ml and 1.25, 1.25, 2.5, 2.5, and 2.5µl/ml respectively . While the value of (MIC) and (MFC) for Nystatin against Candida species were 32 and 64 µg

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Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Apr 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Problems and needs of Baghdad university students from perspective of college of political sciences and college of engineering’s students
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The current research aims to identify the problems and needs for both college of political science and college of engineering’s students. The sample was (100) male and female student. The results showed bunch of problems which could be organized descendingly, the scientific domain ranged between (2 - 2.42), the mean of the psychological domain was (2.85), the moral domain ranged between (2.2 – 2.28)m the problems of study earned (2.30), the material domain got (1.95), the medical and social domain obtained (1.925), and finally, the family domain received (1.887).

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 24 2025
Journal Name
International Journal Of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
Mesoporous activated carbon from eggshell waste via H₃PO₄ chemical activation and its application in the removal of Janus Green B dye
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The main objective of this study was to evaluate the adsorption efficiency of two adsorbent materials, Iraqi chicken eggshells (ESh) and activated carbon (AC) derived from ESh powder for the removal of a cationic dye (Janus green B; JGD) from aqueous solution. Activated carbon was synthesised from ESh using a simple chemical activation method using phosphoric acid as the activating agent. The physicochemical properties of the adsorbents were characterised by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and point of zero charge (pHpzc). The results of BET analysis confirmed th

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Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Sep 24 2025
Journal Name
International Journal Of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
Mesoporous activated carbon from eggshell waste via H₃PO₄ chemical activation and its application in the removal of Janus Green B dye
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The main objective of this study was to evaluate the adsorptionefficiency of two adsorbent materials, Iraqi chicken eggshells (ESh)and activated carbon (AC) derived from ESh powder for theremoval of a cationic dye (Janus green B; JGD) from aqueoussolution. Activated carbon was synthesised from ESh usinga simple chemical activation method using phosphoric acid asthe activating agent. The physicochemical properties of the adsor-bents were characterised by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)method, FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), inductivelycoupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), andpoint of zero charge (pHpzc). The results of BET analysis confirmedthat AC has

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Publication Date
Wed May 10 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Relationship of LST, NDVI, and NDBI using Landsat-8 data in Duhok city in 2019-2022
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One of the most significant elements influencing weather, climate, and the environment is vegetation cover. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) over the years 2019–2022 were estimated based on four Landsat 8 TIRS’s images covering Duhok City. Using the radiative transfer model, the city's land surface temperature (LST) during the next four years was calculated. The aim of this study is to compute the temperature at the land's surface (LST) from the years 2019-2022 and understand the link, between LST, NDVI, and NDBI and the capability for mapping by LANDSAT-8 TIRS's. The findings revealed that the NDBI and the NDVI had the strongest correlation with the

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
8th Engineering And 2nd International Conference For College Of Engineering – University Of Baghdad: Coec8-2021 Proceedings
Prediction of pore and fracture pressure using well logs in Mishrif reservoir in an Iraqi oilfield
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Publication Date
Wed Apr 19 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Separation and determination of poly aromatic hydrocarbons in vegetables samples in Baghdad city using HPLC Technique
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The Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) has been used for the separation of Poly aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) by using column Reprosil 100 C 18 which was found to be a suitable one for this purpose. The result showed that using mobile phase of (Acetonitrile-water) Reversed Phase HPLC , flow rate of (1.2 ml/min) , column temperature (30CËš) and wave length of (254nm), give a complete separation with a good resolution . The total separation time was less than 20 min. The result of the study showed that the vegetables of Baghdad city were polluted by poly aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in different places where samples taken because of drainage of the heavy water ,industrial trash and trash of oil colanders. -

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Using PCR and Gel Electrophoresis Techniques to Molecular Confirm and Detection for Flowering Gene Presence in Maize Hybrids
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Abstract<p>The laboratory experiment was conducted in the laboratories of the Musayyib Bridge Company for Molecular Analyzes in the year 2021-2022 to study the molecular analysis of the inbreed lines and their hybrids F1 to estimate the genetic variation at the level of DNA shown by the selected pure inbreed lines and the resulting hybrids F1 of the flowering gene. Five pure inbreed lines of maize were selected (ZA17WR) Late, ZM74, Late, ZM19, Early ZM49WZ (Zi17WZ, Late, ZM49W3E) and their resulting hybrids, according to the study objective, from fifteen different inbreed lines with flowering time. The five inbreed lines were planted for four seasons (spring and fall 2019) and (spring and fall 2</p> ... Show More
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