2 - 5,5 cm mosquito fishes (Gambusia affinis) were collected from brooks of Baghdad university . This study aimed to identify the histological structure and embryonic development of the gas bladder . The results revealed that the gas bladder of the adult fish consists of single chamber, paraphysoclistous , and its wall consist of three layers. The primordium of the gas bladder appears in 2,5 mm fish embryo as an evagination from the right side of endoderm of foreguts wall. This primordium consists of two thecae, inner, is simple columnar epithelium and outer originates from undifferentiated mesoderm. Simultaneously with the appearance of gas gland in the ventral side of the sac in 4 mm embryo, morphological and histological chan

In this article, the effects of the O₂ ratio  on the electrical characteristics, including the I-V characteristic curve, Panchen’s curve, and I-P curve, were tested in a sample of O₂/Ar gaseous mixture . The sample was produced by plasma-based DC magnetron sputtering with niobium metal as a target material. The inter-electrode spacing value was 4 cm. Plasma diagnosis via the Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) method was used to achieve Te and Ne mixture values of 20 %, 30 %, 50%, and 70% in the Ar/O₂ system. The results showed that the discharge is operating in the abnormal glow region and the discharge current was decreased by increasing O₂ percentage. In addition, the experimenta

Hollow core photonic bandgap fibers provide a new geometry for the realization and enhancement of many nonlinear optical effects. Such fibers offer novel guidance and dispersion properties that provide an advantage over conventional fibers for various applications. Dispersion, which expresses the variation with wavelength of the guided-mode group velocity, is one of the most important properties of optical fibers. Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) offer much larger flexibility than conventional fibers with respect to tailoring of the dispersion curve. This is partly due to the large refractive-index contrast available in the silica/air microstructures, and partly due to the possibility of making complex refractive-index structure over the fibe

Polyaniline organic Semiconductor polymer thin films have been prepared by oxidative polymerization at room temperature, this polymer was deposited on glass substrate with thickness 900nm, FTIR spectra was tested , the structural,optical and electrical properties were studied through XRD ,UV-Vis ,IR measurements ,the results was appeared that polymer thin film sensing to NH3 gas.

The rate of gas induction was measured in gas-inducing type mechanically agitated contactors provided with two impellers. A reactor of 0.5 m i.d. was used with a working capacity of 60 liters of liquid. Tap water was used as the liquid phase, and air was used as the gas phase. The bioreactor mixing system consists of two equal diameter stirrers; the top impeller is shrouded-disk/curved-blade turbine with six evacuated bending blades, while the bottom impeller was disk turbine. The impeller speed was varied in the range of 50 to 800 rpm. The ratio of impeller diameter to tank diameter (D/T) and the submergence (S) of upper impeller from the top were varied. The effects of clearance of lower impeller from the tank bottom (C₂) an

Thin films of In2O3-CdO at various CdO contents (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05) were deposited on transparent substrate which is glass using chemical spray pyrolysis deposition method at substrate temperature 150oC. The structural properties was studied to characterize the prepared materials by XRD analysis. Surface morphology has been illustrated using scanning electron microscopy which proved the nanosize of prepared materials. This materials have been used as gas sensor for toxic gas which is hydrogen sulfide H2S. The sensitivity and response speed have been investigated with addition of CdO nanoparticles. © 2021, S.C. Virtual Company of Phisics S.R.L. All rights reserved.

The solution gas-oil ratio is an important measurement in reservoir engineering calculations. The correlations are used when experimental PVT data from particular field are missing. Additional advantages of the correlations are saving of cost and time.
This paper proposes a correlation to calculate the solution gas -oil ratio at pressures below bubble point pressure. It was obtained by multiple linear regression analysis of PVT data collected from many Iraqi fields.
In this study, the solution gas-oil ratio was taken as a function of bubble point pressure, stock tank oil gravity, reservoir pressure, reservoir temperature and relative gas density.
The construction of the new correlation is depending on thirty seven PVT reports th