With the exception of Antarctica, all continents are home to Echinococcus species. These parasite infections are thought to be quite dangerous, causing high rates of morbidity and mortality as well as large financial losses for the cattle sector from a human and veterinary standpoint, the two primary species to consider are Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) and Echinococcus multilocularis, which cause cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), respectively. The present state-of-the-art knowledge on these two parasites is compiled in this study in four major areas that are pertinent to both human and veterinary professionals: diagnosis, treatment and prevention, clinical symptoms and pathogenesis, and transm

This review discusses the gingival biotypes, their characteristics, analysis based on the measurement of the dentopapillary complex. Also discuss their response to inflammation, surgery, and ridge healing after tooth extraction, their influence in the behavior of the peri-implant tissue

Schiff bases (SBs) represent multipurpose ligands that can be prepared from the concentration of prime amines with carbonyl clusters. Creation of SB transition metal compounds via as ligands has opportunity of attaining coordination complexes of abnormal arrangement and stability. These transition metal compounds have extraordinary attention as a consequence of their dynamic portion in metalloenzymes and as biomimetic prototypical complexes as a result of their proximity to usual enzymes and proteins. These complexes are imperative in medicinal disciplines owing to their widespread range of biological actions. They mostly exhibit organic actions involving antifungal, antibacterial, antitumor, antidiabetic, herbicidal, antiproliferative, ant

Seven species of semi venomous Opisthoglypha snakes (Reptilia, Ophidia) of Iraq are listed with important characteristics in morphology due to geographical and individual variation of species, as well, the confusion in the scales count of Telescopus tessellatus martini (Schmidt, 1939) of Iraq are discussed.

Bacterial toxins are considered to be virulence factors due to the fact that they interfere with the normal processes of the host cell in which they are found. The interplay between the infectious processes of bacteria and the immune system is what causes this impact. In this discussion, we are going to focus on bacterial toxins that act in the extracellular environment, especially on those that impair the activity of macrophages and neutrophils. These toxins are of particular interest since they may be found in a wide variety of bacteria. We will be concentrating our efforts, in particular, on the toxins that are generated by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These toxins are able to interact with and have an effect on the many dif

Seven species of semi venomous Opisthoglypha snakes (Reptilia, Ophidia) of Iraq are listed with important characteristics in morphology due to geographical and individual variation of species, as well, the confusion in the scales count of Telescopus tessellatus martini (Schmidt, 1939) of Iraq are discussed.

Over the past ten years, tumor markers have played an increasingly important role in clinicaloncology. This trend is expected to continue as technology advances and our knowledge of thehuman body and disease processes grows. In the treatment of cancer, tumor markers are widelyused for a variety of purposes, including screening, selecting a management strategy,determining the prognosis, and post-therapy follow-up. A comprehensive of the fundamentalsof pathophysiology and identification strategies for each specific malignancy is necessary fortheir prudent application in clinical practice. Oncology's use of cancer biomarkers hastransformed the way that cancer is treated, and led to notable improvements in patient outcomesand cancer tre

hemorrhagic fever (VHF), one of which is Filoviridae. The Filoviridae family includes the Ebola virus , is responsible for the current VHF outbreak in West Africa. Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) occur in various regions around the world, yet traditional diagnostic testing for these diseases has typically been conducted in major reference laboratories located in Europe and the United States. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the mechanisms driving the pathogenesis of viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) and examine the progress in developing preventive and therapeutic strategies for these infections.

Morphological theories shape the leading platform to theoretically and practically consider the assets connected with the emergence of the city, and its growth and development over time. In this paper, five elements of the urban form are typified: structure/tissue, plot, building, block, and the street pattern will be addressed. Understanding the urban form at the different levels within its ingredients could lead to shape a base launch of how to consider the potentiality of the development and sustainability of a particular area.