The effect of metal nanoparticles on the anaerobic digestion of sludge and the sludge bacterial community are still not well-understood, and both improvements and inhibitions have been reported. This study investigated the impact of 2, 10, and 30 mg/g TS silver and copper oxide nanoparticles (AgNPs and CuONPs) on the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of sludge and the bacterial community structure. The reactors were monitored for changes in tCOD, sCOD, TS, VS, biogas generation, and cell viability. Also, the relative abundance and taxonomic distribution of the bacterial communities were analyzed at the phylum and genus levels, including the genera involved in anaerobic digestion. Both AgNPs and CuONPs exhibited some inhibition on anaerobic digestion of sludge and biogas generation, and the inhibition was more evident at higher concentrations. CuONPs had a stronger inhibitory effect compared to AgNPs. After the introduction of AgNPs and CuONPs, cell viability initially decreased over the first two weeks but recovered after that. At high concentrations, AgNPs and CuONPs decreased the overall bacterial diversity, and inhibited the dominant bacterial species, allowing those in less abundance to flourish. The relative abundance of the bacteria responsible for hydrolysis and acidogenesis increased and the relative abundance of acetogenic bacteria decreased with higher AgNP and CuONP concentrations. The majority of the parameters measured for monitoring the anaerobic digestion performance and bacterial community were not statistically significant at 2 mg/g TS of AgNPs and CuONPs, which represents naturally present concentrations in wastewater sludge that are below the USEPA ceiling concentration limits.
The concept of education is not actually restricted to children or school students, but rather every person should be educated and followed up if he is intended to grow and prove, with effort and time allocation as to fulfill that goal. Thus , the current paper aims to a thinking education and to educate that thinking in teacher and it is not new to deal with the personal characteristics of teacher in the different scientific , and educational researches . But ,these research did not address the necessity of acquiring the skill of thinking, especially as it affects teacher's presentation of the content of the curriculum or even content outside the curriculum, and therefore, there is n
... Show MoreObjective: study aims to identify the diabetes type2 clients self management skills toward dietary pattern
, and find out the relationship between variables which are (Age, gender, educational level, duration of DM
diagnosis, and monthly income) with diabetes type 2 clients self management skills toward dietary pattern
Methodology: descriptive study was carried out through the present investigation from January 2nd
2011to September 2nd 2011 in order to achieve the objectives of the present study. A non probability
(purposive) sample, (200) cases which consists of clients who were attending Al-Nasiriyha diabetic center.
Including (118) males and (82) females. The data were collected by utilization of the study instrument
Background: Trauma to the anterior teeth is a common injury in young children. Themaxillary incisors being the most affected. Although root fractures are rare, theydo occur and were previously and often considered hopeless and were extracted.The time between the injury and the initiation of treatment, level of the fractureline, and stage of root development are some criteria to be considered whenchoosing a treatment approach for a complicated tooth fracture. This case reportdescribes the management of a traumatized immature maxillary central incisorwith Elise class IV fracture with vertical oblique subgingival fracture of the root.Materials and method: Apexification was carried out using biodentine followed byremoval of the fracture
... Show MoreIn this paper, we have examined the effectiveness exchange of optical vorticity via three-wave mixing (TWM) technique in a four-level quantum dot (QD) molecule by means of the electron tunneling effect. Our analytical analysis demonstrates that the TWM procedure can result in the production of a new weak signal beam that may be absorbed or amplified within the QD molecule. We have taken into account the electron tunneling as well as the relative phase of the applied lights to assess the absorption and dispersion characteristics of the newly generated light. We have discovered that the slow light propagation and signal amplification can be achieved. Our results show that the exchange o
Micro-perforated panel (MPP) absorber is increasingly gaining popularity as an alternative sound absorber in buildings compared to the well-known synthetic porous materials. A single MPP has a typical feature of a Helmholtz resonator with a high amplitude of absorption but a narrow absorption frequency bandwidth. To improve the bandwidth, a single MPP can be cascaded with another single MPP to form a double-layer MPP. This paper proposes the introduction of inhomogeneous perforation in the double-layer MPP system (DL-iMPP) to enhance the absorption bandwidth of a double-layer MPP. Mathematical models are proposed using the equivalent electrical circuit model and are validated with experiments with good agreement. It is revealed that the DL-
... Show MoreThis research studies the effectiveness of the symbol in the Iraqi monodrama texts. The methodological framework is devoted to the research problem and the need for conducting it, its importance, the purpose of research, and the definition of the most important terms. The research problem dealt with the concept of the effectiveness of the symbol, the monodrama, and the working levels of the symbol in the monodrama texts of the author, in addition to the disclosure of the artistic vision embodied by the playwright in the use of the symbol within the literary product, as well as the development of the creative process. The research problem was defined by the following question: How effective is the symbol in the Iraqi Monodrama texts?
T
This paper deals with the role of the clergy in the Church and artists in the emergence of this art, which is represented by an atmosphere of spiritual, aesthetic, artistic, technical and engineering very magnificence and is located in two Find.Chapter One: the stages of stained glass in the Middle AgesThe Architects Goths to get rid of the walls gradually, based Baloctav plane, columns and beams strengthened with the vehicle, as previously mentioned, making the building looks like a glass of excessive use of colored windows building, this art has been known to the art of stained glass And the second chapter: the stages of stained glass in the Middle Ages Department of Winston (Winston) works of stained glass since its inception in the t
... Show MoreImproving the environment is a mission that should be conducted by three associates; public authorities, environmentalists and the community. The ignorance of environmental education in Iraq has resulted to an almost environmentally illiterate community, demanding well planned programs to raise their environmental; awareness and education. On the other hand, the decision makers should be well informed about the citizens' environmental preferences to be able to set their priorities for the civil services. Merging the Iraqi citizens in listing their environmental priorities is one of many other approaches for "Environment Education" programs. Globally, such methods have proven to be effective and resulted to widespread understandin
... Show MoreIncreasing hydrocarbon recovery from tight reservoirs is an essential goal of oil industry in the recent years. Building real dynamic simulation models and selecting and designing suitable development strategies for such reservoirs need basically to construct accurate structural static model construction. The uncertainties in building 3-D reservoir models are a real challenge for such micro to nano pore scale structure. Based on data from 24 wells distributed throughout the Sadi tight formation. An application of building a 3-D static model for a tight limestone oil reservoir in Iraq is presented in this study. The most common uncertainties confronted while building the model were illustrated. Such as accurate estimations of cut-off permeab
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