Ductal carcinoma in situ is the most commonly diagnosed early stage breast cancer. The efficacy of intraductally delivered poly(ethylene glycol)‐doxorubicin (PEG‐DOX) nanocarriers, composed of one or more DOX conjugated to various PEG polymers, was investigated in an orthotopic ductal carcinoma in situ‐like rat model. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated against 13762 Mat B III cells using MTT assay. The orthotopic model was developed by inoculating cancer cells into mammary ducts of female Fischer 344 retired breeder rats. The ductal retention and in vivo antitumour efficacy of two of the six nanocarriers (5 kDa PEG‐DOX and 40 kDa PEG‐(DOX)4) were investigated based on in vitro results. Mammary retention of DOX and PEG‐DOX nanocarriers was quantified using in vivo imaging. Histopathologic effects of DOX and PEG‐DOX nanocarriers on mammary ductal structure were also investigated. Cytotoxicities of small linear PEG‐DOX nanocarriers (5 and 10 kDa) were not different from DOX whereas larger PEG‐DOX nanocarriers showed reduced potency. The order of mammary retention was 40 kDa PEG‐(DOX)4 > 5 kDa PEG‐DOX >> DOX, in normal and tumour‐bearing rats. Intraductally administered PEG‐DOX nanocarriers and DOX were effective in reducing tumour incidence and increasing survival rate, with no significant differences found among the three treatment groups. However, nanocarriers administered intravenously at the same doses were not effective, and intraductally administered free DOX caused severe local toxicity. Intraductal administration of PEG‐DOX nanocarriers is effective and less toxic than that of free DOX, as well as IV DOX/PEG‐DOX. Furthermore, PEG‐DOX nanocarriers demonstrate the added benefit of prolonging DOX ductal retention, which would necessitate less frequent dosing.
Abstract Liver cancer with hepatocellular carcinoma a serious clinical illness that progresses quickly and has a bad prognosis because to increased malignancy. Fibrosis is the precursor of liver cancer, which progresses to cirrhosis and carcinoma Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a chemical molecule that has been used as a carcinogenic agent to promote cancer in test animals because of its strong carcinogenic potential. Herbal plants have long been used as inexpensive, effective alternatives to pharmaceuticals in various liver-associated complications, since they contain many bioactive compounds useful in liver disorders. Hibiscus tiliaceus L. (Malvaceae) contain various phytochemicals in the plant extracts such as Flavonoids, phe
... Show MorePraise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon His messenger, the mercy of the worlds.
As for after ....
It is clear from the legal texts in the Noble Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet, that Islam is a method that interferes in everything in beliefs, worship, behavior and transactions, and it forbids excess and extremism and mistrust of people and looking at them through a black lens, self-conceit and contempt of others.
In our research, we will try, God willing, to study the phenomenon of religious extremism with its comprehensive dimensions, the position of Islam on it through the verses and hadiths discussed by it, and the diagnosis of the reasons for its emergence and emergence, because if we learn
Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic activity of probiotics mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus towards Cryptosporidium infection in experimentally infected mice. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium were separated from the stool of humans to infect mice. Methods: Forty male albino mice were split equally into four groups, every group contained 10 mice, the group I (early treated group), were treated from the 1st day from infection to the 11th post-infection, group II (late treated group), were treated from the 4th day from infection to the 15th post-infection, and group (III) (untreated group), were mice considered as a positive control group. Results: It was showed that daily application of a mixture of L. plantarum w
... Show MoreGelatin-grafted N- proflavine acryl amide was synthesized through two steps; firstly the Gelatin was grafted with acrylic acid free radically using Ammonium per-sulfate at 60℃, Then it was modified to its corresponding acyl chloride derivation, second step included the substitution with amino group of proflavine, in this research Gelatin was used as a natural nontoxic, water soluble polymer as a drug carrier. The prepared pro drug polymer was characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopies, Controlled drug release was studied in different pH values at 37℃. Many advantages were obtained comparing with other known methods.
The present work involved preparation of new substituted and unsubstituted and poly imides (1-17) using reaction of acryloyl chloride with different amides (aliphatic ,aromatic) in the presence of a suitable solvent and amount tri ethyl amine (Et3N) with heating – the structure confirmation of all polymers were proved using FT-IR,1H-NMR,C13NMR and UV spectroscopy ,thermal analysis (TG) for some polymers confirmed their thermal stabilities . Other physical properties including softening and melting points, PH and solubility of the polymers were also measured
Many additives are used to improve the performance of cables in terms of increasing their flame retardancy, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, and other characteristics. Unfortunately, most of these additives contain heavy metals. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to introduce a material representing a new generation of environmentally friendly heavy metal-free stabilizers for cable grade poly(vinyl chloride) that can compete with traditional materials in terms of performance and distinctive properties. This unique additive is Oxydtron, a synthetic silicate or simply nanocement. The tests performed are rheological properties represented by a capillary rheometry analysis, limiting o
This paper suggesting a new modern method to evaluate the performance of hotel industry at Jordan instead of the classical method used by the industry and that is Bench Marking , this method can be done by comparing the performance of hotel industry at two serial years which helps in calculating a standard performance .
The industry can use this standard to identify the variance, which make the evaluation of performance easier and support the efforts to develop the hotel industry at all levels and enable to give high quality services to customers.
The study believed that this situation would not be achieved unless the hotel industry will app
... Show MoreAfter 2003 Iraq witnessed a rapid development in the number and kind of non-governmental organizations in addition to the increase in their sources.A lot of obstacles and constraints hinder the development of the said organizations and one of the most important and prominent obstacles is their administrative and accounting structure that affect directly on the existence, continuity and survival of these organizations.This research discussed the concept the non-governmental organizations and reaching the assessment of internal control System in these organizations. Therefore, the researcher has assessed the internal control System applied National Olympic Committee of Iraq. The study showed vulnerabilities in the internal control the said
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