Carbonate matrix stimulation technology has progressed tremendously in the last decade through creative laboratory research and novel fluid advancements. Still, existing methods for optimizing the stimulation of wells in vast carbonate reservoirs are inadequate. Consequently, oil and gas wells are stimulated routinely to expand production and maximize recovery. Matrix acidizing is extensively used because of its low cost and ability to restore the original productivity of damaged wells and provide additional production capacity. The Ahdeb oil field lacks studies in matrix acidizing; therefore, this work provided new information on limestone acidizing in the Mishrif reservoir. Moreover, several reports have been issued on the difficulties encountered during the stimulation operation of the Ahdeb oil field, particularly for the development of the Mishrif reservoir. Since the new core flooding system is built to operate safely and straightforwardly. This study introduced the results of Matrix acidizing experiments, covering the most recent developments in linear core flooding. High-permeability flow pathways are created, and a longer and wider wormhole was generated at a high acid injection rate (6.67 cc/min). The acid efficiency curve yielded the lowest pore volume injected at the breakthrough of the PV_(bt-opt) is 2.73 and the v_(i-opt)=0.6 cm/min; thus, the optimum injection rate that results in an optimal possible wormhole and the least quantity of acid being used for this reservoir is 2.16 cc/min. This research evaluated the impact of matrix acidizing treatment on acoustic characteristics, which studies show are lacking or have never been investigated previously. Furthermore, in the assessment of geomechanical rock properties and elastic and petrophysical parameters before and after acid injection, one of the new concepts discovered during the lab experiment observation of the acoustic waveform before and after acid treatment for the tested rock sample is that the initial arrival time before acid treatment is 21.6 microseconds, with a delay of 31.2 microseconds attributed to the wormhole channel and mineral disintegration. CT-Scan applications in matrix acidizing were investigated in this research; additionally, a 3D view of plug samples was constructed to represent the wormhole extension via CT-processing software. A license of Stimpro Stimulation Software has been used to validate the experimental work to the field scale, making it the most comprehensive instrument for planning and monitoring matrix acid treatment and utilizing actual data to provide a far better knowledge of the well's reaction, with methods that represent the reality of what is happening in the reservoir before, during, and after matrix acid treatments, through the post-treatment skin factor which is the most often utilized statistic for analyzing stimulation treatments and relies on the geometry of the wormholed zone. The acid treatment evaluated for the well AD-12, primarily for the zone Mi4; matrix acid treatments can have their production behavior predicted or matched using the reservoir simulation and production analysis option, employing the numerical simulation license software Petrel (Schlumberger) and Rubis (KAPPA) to determine the efficacy of previous treatments and the economics associated with future treatments. The estimated oil gain volume and percentage for the Mi4 unit in Ad-12 using particularly skin value -3.97 computed from Stimpro software for real stimulation acid job, it is yield enhancement in production of oil gain volume 6154 barrels as well as 105% increase of gain percentage for three months after matrix acidizing.
(40)
(40)
In data transmission a change in single bit in the received data may lead to miss understanding or a disaster. Each bit in the sent information has high priority especially with information such as the address of the receiver. The importance of error detection with each single change is a key issue in data transmission field.
The ordinary single parity detection method can detect odd number of errors efficiently, but fails with even number of errors. Other detection methods such as two-dimensional and checksum showed better results and failed to cope with the increasing number of errors.
Two novel methods were suggested to detect the binary bit change errors when transmitting data in a noisy media.Those methods were: 2D-Checksum me
(7)
(6)
In this paper, experimental study has been done for temperature distribution in space conditioned with Ventilation Hollow Core Slab (TermoDeck) system. The experiments were carried out on a model room with dimensions of (1m 1.2m 1m) that was built according to a suitable scale factor of (1/4). The temperature distributions was measured by 59 thermocouples fixed in several locations in the test room. Two cases were considered in this work, the first one during unoccupied period at night time (without external load) and the other at day period with external load of 800W/m2 according to solar heat gain calculations during summer season in Iraq. All results confirm the use of TermoDeck system for ventilation and cooling/heat
... Show More
(2)
Aerial Robot Arms (ARAs) enable aerial drones to interact and influence objects in various environments. Traditional ARA controllers need the availability of a high-precision model to avoid high control chattering. Furthermore, in practical applications of aerial object manipulation, the payloads that ARAs can handle vary, depending on the nature of the task. The high uncertainties due to modeling errors and an unknown payload are inversely proportional to the stability of ARAs. To address the issue of stability, a new adaptive robust controller, based on the Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network, is proposed. A three-tier approach is also followed. Firstly, a detailed new model for the ARA is derived using the Lagrange–d’A
... Show More
(40)
(38)
Objective: To identify barriers to healthcare access, to assess the health literacy levels of the foreign-born Arabic speaking population in Iowa, USA and to measure their prevalence of seeking preventive healthcare services. Methods: A cross-sectional study of native Arabic speaking adults involved a focus group and an anonymous paper-based survey. The focus group and the Andersen Model were used to develop the survey questionnaire. The survey participants were customers at Arabic grocery stores, worshippers at the city mosque and patients at free University Clinic. Chi-square test was used to measure the relationship between the characteristics of survey participants and preventive healthcare services. Thematic analysis was
... Show More
(16)
(16)
To damp the low-frequency oscillations which occurred due to the disturbances in the electrical power system, the generators are equipped with Power System Stabilizer (PSS) that provide supplementary feedback stabilizing signals. The low-frequency oscillations in power system are classified as local mode oscillations, intra-area mode oscillation, and interarea mode oscillations. Double input multiband Power system stabilizers (PSSs) were used to damp out low-frequency oscillations in power system. Among dual-input PSSs, PSS4B offers superior transient performance. Power system simulator for engineering (PSS/E) software was adopted to test and evaluate the dynamic performance of PSS4B model on Iraqi national grid. The results showed
... Show More
(7)
(31)
(32)