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Protective effects of Δ<sup>9</sup>‐tetrahydrocannabinol against enterotoxin‐induced acute respiratory distress syndrome are mediated by modulation of microbiota
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Background and Purpose

Staphylococcal enterotoxin‐B (SEB) is one of the most potent bacterial superantigens that exerts profound toxic effects by inducing a cytokine storm. Inhaled SEB can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is often fatal and with no effective treatments.

Experimental Approach

Efficacy of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was tested in a mouse model of SEB‐mediated ARDS, in which lung inflammation, alterations in gut/lung microbiota and production of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was measured. Gene dysregulation of lung epithelial cells was studied by transcriptome arrays. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed to confirm the role of microbiota in suppressing ARDS.

Key Results

While SEB triggered ARDS and 100% mortality in mice, THC protected the mice from fatality. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that THC caused significant and similar alterations in microbiota in the lungs and gut of mice exposed to SEB. THC significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacterial species, Ruminococcus gnavus, but decreased pathogenic microbiota, Akkermansia muciniphila. FMT confirmed that THC‐mediated reversal of microbial dysbiosis played crucial role in attenuation of SEB‐mediated ARDS. THC treatment caused an increase in SCFA, of which propionic acid was found to inhibit the inflammatory response. Transcriptome array showed that THC up‐regulated several genes like lysozyme1 and lysozyme2, β‐defensin‐2, claudin, zonula‐1, occludin‐1, Mucin2 and Muc5b while down‐regulating β‐defensin‐1.

Conclusion and Implications

The study demonstrates for the first time that THC attenuates SEB‐mediated ARDS and toxicity by altering the microbiota in the lungs and the gut as well as promoting antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory pathways.

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 06 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Nurses' Job Satisfaction in Respiratory Isolation Units of Coronavirus Disease
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Abstract

Objective(s): To assess the job satisfaction during of covid-19 among the nurses in respiratory isolation units of coronavirus disease.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional design was carried out in four hospitals at isolation units of coronavirus disease from the period (21th December, 2021 to 27th January, 2022). A non-probability (convenience) sampling method consists of (300) nurse was selected convenience based on the study criteria. The tool used to measure the job satisfaction is Job satisfaction scale for clinical nursing (JSS-CN). This tool consists of two parts, the first part is for demographic information and consists of 8 items, and the second

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 21 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
A simple voice communication using the modulation of the reflected light
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There is no adopt in the importance of the optical communications in scientific civil and military applications because of it’s simplicity in manufacturing and it's low cost. The method of optical communication depends upon bearing the light beam the translated informations by a method called the light modulation. This method depends upon changing some light properties as frequency, amplitude and pulse duration according to the translating informations. The changes in the first two properties are concerned optically with the analog modulation while the third one concern at most with digital modulation. All past methods are expensive with low efficiency and needs electrical or magnetic fields. In this technique the source of voice used

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 03 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Comparative Analysis of Various Multicarrier Modulation Techniques for Different Multilevel Converters
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The applications of Multilevel Converter (MLC) are increased because of the huge demand for clean power; especially these types of converters are compatible with the renewable energy sources. In addition, these new types of converters have the capability of high voltage and high power operation. A Nine-level converter in three modes of implementation; Diode Clamped-MLC (DC-MLC), Capacitor Clamped-MLC (CC-MLC), and the Modular Structured-MLC (MS-MLC) are analyzed and simulated in this paper. Various types of Multicarrier Modulation Techniques (MMTs) (Level shifted (LS), and Phase shifted (PS)) are used for operating the proposed Nine level - MLCs. Matlab/Simulink environment is used for the simulation, extracting, and ana

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2016
Journal Name
Current Science
Histopathological changes in golden hamsters induced by Leishmania tropica
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
The Egyptian Journal Of Hospital Medicine
The Antimicrobial Activity of Melanin-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
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Background: Nowadays, the environmentally friendly procedures must be developed to avoid using harmful compounds in synthesis methods. Their increase interest in creating and researching silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) because of their numerous applications in many fields especially medical fields such as burn, wound healing, dental and bone implants, antibacterial, viral, fungal, and arthropodal activities. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles mediated pigments have been widely used as antimicrobial agent against microorganisms. Silver nanoparticles had synthesized by using melanin from locally isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and used as antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms. Aim of the study: Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 18 2022
Journal Name
Materials Science Forum
Effect Partial Substitution of Calcium by &lt;i&gt;Cadmium&lt;/i&gt; on Dielectrically Properties of Li0.4Cd0.6Ba2Ca2Cu3O10+δ System
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In this article the conventional "solid-state reaction" method was used to synthesize perovskite Li0.4Cd0.6Ba2Ca2Cu3O10+δ. Four main types of compounds were obtained by physically replacing calcium oxide with cadmium in proportions 0, 0.03, 0.06 and 0.09, the pure Li0.4Cd0.6Ba2Ca2Cu3O10+δ phase, and the phases Li0.4Cd0.6Ba2Ca1.97Cd0.03Cu3O10+δ

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2013
Journal Name
Bio-genetics Journal
Measuring the toxicity of Heat Stable Enterotoxin (a) produced by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on human blood lymphocyte from normal and colorectal cancer patients in vitro
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This research was conducted to measure the safety of heat stable enterotoxin a (STa) produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, through studying its toxic effect on human blood lymphocyte, since it showed a promising effect in reducing the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. the cytogenetic effects of (STa) by using five different concentrations (100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600μg/ml) in comparison with negative (PBS, Phosphate buffer saline) and positive (MMC, Mitomycin C) at concentration of 5μg/ml, controls on human blood lymphocytes obtained from both (10) normal healthy persons and (20) colorectal cancer patients was measured by employing the following parameters: mitotic index, blast index, chromosomal aberrations and micronucle

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 17 2025
Journal Name
Nano Life
Biomedical Assessment of ZnO, MnO and Se Nanoparticles Synthesized via Laser-Induced Plasma: Effects on Thyroid Hormone Levels
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In this study, nanoparticles were synthesized using the pulsed laser ablation technique, employing an Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm. The ablation process was carried out at room temperature under varying laser energy of 950 mJ. The structural characteristics of the resulting nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The biological impact of the synthesized nanoparticles was assessed by administering two different doses (1 ml/kg and 4 ml/kg) to experimental animal models. The study evaluated changes in thyroid hormone levels, specifically thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T[Formula: see text] and thyroxine (T[Formula: see text]

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Characterization of silver polyaniline nanocomposite thin films prepared by microwave induced plasma
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Polyaniline (PANI) and Ag/PANI nanocomposite thin films have prepared by microwave induced plasma. The Ag powder of average particle size of 50 nm, were used to prepare Ag/PANI nanocomposite thin films. The Ag/PANI nanocomposite thin films prepared by polymerization in plasma and characterized by UV-VIS, FTIR, AFM and SEM to study the effect of silver nanoparticles on the optical properties, morphology and structure of the thin films. The optical properties studies showed that the energy band gap of the Ag/PANI (5%wt silver) decreased from 3.6 to 3.2 eV, where the substrate location varied from 4.4 to 3.4 cm from the axis of the cylindrical plasma chamber. Also the optical energy gap decreased systematically from 3.3 to 3 eV with increas

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 30 2018
Journal Name
Acs Omega
Catalytic Hydrogenation of <i>p</i>-Chloronitrobenzene to <i>p</i>-Chloroaniline Mediated by γ-Mo<sub>2</sub>N
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Promoting the production of industrially important aromatic chloroamines over transition-metal nitrides catalysts has emerged as a prominent theme in catalysis. This contribution provides an insight into the reduction mechanism of p-chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB) to p-chloroaniline (p-CAN) over the γ-Mo2N(111) surface by means of density functional theory calculations. The adsorption energies of various molecularly adsorbed modes of p-CNB were computed. Our findings display that, p-CNB prefers to be adsorbed over two distinct adsorption sites, namely, Mo-hollow face-centered cubic (fcc) and N-hollow hexagonal close-packed (hcp) sites with adsorption energies of −32.1 and −38.5 kcal/mol, respectively. We establish that the activation of nit

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