Temperature dependence energy distribution function for proton-tritium fusion reaction

Raad Majeed

doi:10.1063/1.5116970

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Publication Date

Tue Jan 01 2019

Journal Name

Aip Conference Proceedings

Volume

2123

DOI

10.1063/1.5116970

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Temperature dependence energy distribution function for proton-tritium fusion reaction

fusion reaction

Proton – Triton

distribution function

fusion cross section

temperature dependence

fusion power.

Raad Majeed

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The physical behavior for the energy distribution function (EDF) of the reactant particles depending upon the gases (fuel) temperature are completely described by a physical model covering the global formulas controlling the EDF profile. Results about the energy distribution for the reactant system indicate a standard EDF, in which it’s arrive a steady state form shape and intern lead to fix the optimum selected temperature.

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Publication Date

Wed Dec 14 2022

Journal Name

Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)

Compound Sentences modification, functions and characteristics from an educational point of view: Umformungen- Funktion- Merkmale unter didaktischen Perspektiven

sentence sequence and sentence division

construction and structure

function

how to use

difficulties and problems

solutions.

zusammengesetzte Sätze

Aufbau und Struktur

Funktion

Verwendung

Schwierigkeiten und Probleme

Lösungen

Maysoon Ali

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This research deals with compound sentences in the German language and how to transform them and transfer them into a main sentence, touching on their functions and characteristics. Actual to nominative, which is a unique feature of the German language, with some diverse examples taken from various sources.This case is distinguished, like other grammatical cases

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Publication Date

Mon Nov 01 2010

Journal Name

Al-nahrain Journal Of Science

Chemical Elements Diffusion in the Solar Interior

The standard solar model and equation of state have been used to study relative diffusion of Hydrogen and Helium in the present time for solar interior

as a function of distance and depth from the center of the star. The effects of temperature and density on diffusion velocity for these chemical elements have been explaned. It is found that heat flow which is arising from these reactions leads to an increase in helium diffusion velocity

while the temperature and density leading to a decrease in Hydrogen diffusion velocity. This means that Hydrogen behaves inversely with that for helium does through these reactions. Accordingly

diffusion percentages for Hydrogen

Helium and other Heavy Elements could be determined for the main sequence stars and white dwarf stars.

H.

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Publication Date

Sat Sep 01 2018

Journal Name

Polyhedron

Novel dichloro (bis {2-[1-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-1, 2, 3-triazol-4-yl-κN3] pyridine-κN}) metal (II) coordination compounds of seven transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd)

The 1

3-dipolar cycloaddition “click” reaction between an azide and an alkyne to give a 1

2

3-triazole was reported by Huisgen in 1961 [1]. In 2002 the Copper(I)-catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) to prepare a 1

2

3-triazole was reported [2]

[3]. The existence of relatively basic nitrogen atoms in the 1

2

3-triazole rings

and the possibility of introducing additional donor groups in the substituents (Fig. 1)

made the CuAAC “click” reaction an attractive method to prepare differently substituted 1

2

3-triazoles. These compounds have been used as ligands to coordinate to various metal ions that display a range of applications such as in electrochemical and photochemical studies

in supramolecular chemistry

magnetism

metal-ion sensing and catalysis [4]. The reasons for the success of the “click” reaction

is that it is easy to carry out and is widely applicable. It is not affected by a variety of functional groups

and can be carried out with a variety of Cu(I) catalysts and solvents

including aqueous conditions. The Cu(I) catalysts overcome the high activation energy barrier of the non-catalyzed Huisgen reaction by changing the mechanism of the reaction. A large variety of copper catalysts can be used for the CuAAC reaction

on condition that the maximum concentration of Cu(I) species is generated during the reaction. The pre-catalyst can be a Cu(II) salt (usually CuSO4) together with a reducing agent (often sodium ascorbate) or a Cu(I) compound in the presence of a base or amine ligand and a reducing agent to prevent oxidation to Cu(II). Some strong oxidising cupric salts or complexes such as Cu(OAc)2 also work. The solvent is very flexible from organic to aqueous

with the most commonly used combination water + an alcohol (t-BuOH

MeOH or EtOH). The key role of the solvent or solvent mixture is to solubilize the substrates and Cu(I) catalyst in order to ensure rapid reactions. Such aqueous conditions are very useful for biochemical conjugations

as well as for organic syntheses. We recently reported on the synthesis of a series of differently substituted 1

2

3-triazole chromophores

the substituted 2-(1-phenyl-1H-1

2

3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine ligands [5]

see Fig. 2 middle

with substituents R = H (L1)

CH3 (L2)

OCH3 (L3)

COOH

F

Cl

CN

CF3

O(CH2)3CH3 and N(CH3)2. These versatile ligands were found to coordinate to various first row transition metals

such as manganese

cobalt and nickel [6]. Here we extend the series to include more first row transition metal(II) coordination compounds

iron

copper and zinc

as well as a second row transition metal(II) coordination compound

cadmium

containing the 2-(1-(4-methyl-phenyl)-1H-1

2

3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine chromophore (Fig. 2 right with R = CH3). This series of seven novel coordination compounds is the first series of pyridyl-triazole based transition metal coordination compounds where seven different transition metals are coordinated to the same 1

2

3-triazole chromophore

namely 2-(1-(4-methyl-phenyl)-1H-1

2

3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine.

Kinaan M

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Publication Date

Sun Dec 07 2014

Journal Name

Baghdad Science Journal

Synthesis, Characterization and Stability Study of V(IV), Zr(IV), Rh(III), Pd(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) Complexes with Pyrazol Derivative

In this work lactone (1) was prepared from the reaction of p-nitro phenyl hydrazine with ethylacetoacetate

which upon treatment with benzoyl chloride afforded the lactame (2). The reaction of (2) with 2-amino phenol produced a new Schiff base (L) in good yield. Complexes of V(IV)

Zr(IV)

Rh(III)

Pd(II)

Cd(II) and Hg(II) with the new Schiff base (L) have been prepared. The compounds (1

2) were characterized by FT-IR and UV spectroscopy

as well as characterizing ligand (L) by the same techniques with elemental analysis (C.H.N) and (1H-NMR). The prepared complexes were identified and their structural geometries were suggested by using elemental analysis (C.H.N)

flame atomic absorption technique

FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy

in addition to magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. Metal to ligand [M:L] ratio was obtained for all complexes in ethanol using molar ratio method

which gave comparable results with those obtained for the solid complexes. As well as the appa

Sinan M.

Enaam M.

Maysoon A

Sarab M

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In this work lactone (1) was prepared from the reaction of p-nitro phenyl hydrazine with ethylacetoacetate, which upon treatment with benzoyl chloride afforded the lactame (2). The reaction of (2) with 2-amino phenol produced a new Schiff base (L) in good yield. Complexes of V(IV), Zr(IV), Rh(III), Pd(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) with the new Schiff base (L) have been prepared. The compounds (1, 2) were characterized by FT-IR and UV spectroscopy, as well as characterizing ligand (L) by the same techniques with elemental analysis (C.H.N) and (1H-NMR). The prepared complexes were identified and their structural geometries were suggested by using elemental analysis (C.H.N), flame atomic absorption technique, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, in additio

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Publication Date

Sat Oct 01 2022

Journal Name

Environmental Advances

Stability and performance studies of emulsion liquid membrane on pesticides removal using mixture of Fe3O4Â nanoparticles and span80

The current study investigated the impact of nonionic surfactant span 80 in the existence of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles on the emulsification of mixture of kerosene as petroleum based organic solvents and corn oil as a green diluent in the ratio 1:1

HCl was used as internal phase and the stability of the emulsion was carried out. The proposed Pickering emulsion liquid membrane has been exploited to investigate it is ability in the extraction of Abamectin pesticides from aqueous solution without utilizing carrier agent. Further

the effects of experimental parameters on extraction efficiency and emulsion stability such as

homogenizer speed

emulsification speed

contact time

Fe3O4-Span 80 ratios

HCL concentration

internal to membrane volume ratio (I/O) and pH of the external feed solution were carried out. The results showed that more than 99% of Abamectin could be extracted at 10 min contact time with a minimum breakage percent of 0.52% at the optimal conditions. The kinetic of the extraction were studied and the mass transfer coefficient was found to be for external phase () of 1.2

interfacial reaction rate constant () of 5.83 and the overall mass transfer coefficient () of 3.91 . The results of recyclability of the PELM revealed that the emulsion stability and extraction efficiency was nearly unchanged after three cycles.

Ahmed A.

Noor Q.

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