Wireless sensor applications are susceptible to energy constraints. Most of the energy is consumed in communication between wireless nodes. Clustering and data aggregation are the two widely used strategies for reducing energy usage and increasing the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. In target tracking applications, large amount of redundant data is produced regularly. Hence, deployment of effective data aggregation schemes is vital to eliminate data redundancy. This work aims to conduct a comparative study of various research approaches that employ clustering techniques for efficiently aggregating data in target tracking applications as selection of an appropriate clustering algorithm may reflect positive results in the data aggregation process. In this paper, we have highlighted the gains of the existing schemes for node clustering based data aggregation along with a detailed discussion on their advantages and issues that may degrade the performance. Also, the boundary issues in each type of clustering technique have been analyzed. Simulation results reveal that the efficacy and validity of these clustering-based data aggregation algorithms are limited to specific sensing situations only, while failing to exhibit adaptive behavior in various other environmental conditions.
Antibiotic resistance is a problem of deep scientific concern both in hospital and community settings. Rapid detection in clinical laboratories is essential for the judicious recognition of antimicrobial resistant organisms. So, the growth of Uropathgenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates with Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and Extensively Drug-resistant (XDR) profiles that thwart therapy for (UTIs) has been detected and has straight squeezed costs and extended hospital stays. This study aims to detect MDR- and XDR-UPEC isolates. Out of 42 UPEC clinical isolates were composed from UTI patients. The bacterial strains were recognized by standard laboratory protocols. Susceptibility to antibiotic was measured by the standard disk diffusi
... Show MoreBackground: The posterior slope of the articular eminence of completely edentulous patients compared to patients with maintained occlusion shows significant flattening. This study aimed to correlate between the flattening of the posterior slope of the articular eminence, with dental status, age, genders, on both sides using computed tomography. Materials and Methods: The sample of the present study was a total of 117 Iraqi subjects, who admitted to the maxillofacial department at Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital in Al-Najaf city. The examination was performed on CT scanner; the eminence inclination was measured in two methods using sagittal section. Results: Clinically, the inclination of articular eminence was higher in edentulous subjects than i
... Show MoreInsulin like growth factor-1 has metabolic and growth-related roles all over the body and is strongly associated and regulated by growth hormone. It is produced by almost any type of tissue, especially the liver. The study aimed to measure insulin like growth factor in growth hormone deficient patients and find its relation with other studied parameters. The Subjects in the study were 180 studied in the National Diabetic Center for Treatment and Research/Al-Mustansiriya University in Baghdad/Iraq for the period from November 2021 to April 2022. Blood was drawn and investigated for the levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, LH, and FSH. Also testosterone and statistical analysis was carried out to find the potential correlations. The results relived t
... Show Moreבמחקר זה אבקש לעסוק בתימת העקדה בשירתה של חוה פנחס כוהן. סיפור העקדה נבחר לעמוד בבסיסה של המחקר ממספר סיבות. ראשית, כיון שהסיפור הוא סיפור משמעותי, מאורע חשוב במסורת היהודית. שנית, כיוון שעניינו אותי מערכות היחסים השונות בסיפור. מערכת היחסים בין יהוה לאברהם, מערכת היחסים בתוך המשפחה ומערכת היחסים בין יצחק לאברהם. במערכות היחסים הללו משכו את תשומת לבי גם אותם דברים שאינם כתובים בתנ״ך (לדוגמה: מה הייתה תגובת שרה
... Show MoreThe development of the internet of things (IoT) and the internet of robotics (IoR) are becoming more and more involved with our daily lives. It serves a variety of tasks some of them are essential to us. The main objective of SRR is to develop a surveillance system for detecting suspicious and targeted places for users without any loss of human life. This paper shows the design and implementation of a robotic surveillance platform for real-time monitoring with the help of image processing, which can explorer places of difficult access or high risk. The robotic live streaming is via two cameras, the first one is fixed straight on the road and the second one is dynamic with tilt-pan ability. All cameras have image processing capabilities t
... Show MoreRenewable energy sources - realities of the present and future options
Many of the directories indicate that the global energy system begin with a period of transition from total dependence on fossil energy sources, particularly oil, Into a new era in which renewable energy sources play an important role in meeting the growing needs of energy demand. There are many factors that will contribute to the strengthening of this trend towards transformation, which also will decide how quickly this transformation of renewable energy systems effectively in the global system of energy demand.
These factors, In brief: the size of environmental pollution and cl
... Show MoreMaintenance of machine tools can be improved significantly by analyzing the operating of manufacturing process with the real-time monitoring system for 3-D single point deformation measurements. Therefore, the process of manufacturing could be optimized with less cost. Recently, wireless technology and internet of things (IOT) applied on intelligent machine has witnessed a significant advance with augmented virtuality, the analysis and the process certainly would contribute to enhance the intelligence of that machine. This paper presents a group of the wireless sensors and 3D animation technologies for data monitoring and analyzing. Three degree of freedom robotic hand structure has been selected as a prototype to be form the process of the
... Show MoreIn this paper, the combined source coding with Multi Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) system is proposed, where the transmission of the compressed image produced from source coding through Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel for a single user and multi users. In which the (MC-CDMA) system removes Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) and Inter Carrier Interference (ICI). The hybrid compression system of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and predictive coding (PC) technique are integrated as a source coding. The simulation results indicates that the transmission system of a single user was much better than the transmission system of multi users. When the number of users increased, the Bit Error Rate (BER) increased. For a
... Show MoreThe herein research was carried out in order to identified the presence of bacteria in cervix and uterine lumen in Iraqi cattle during the different estrus phase with focusing on Protus and E coli. Estrus phases were determined by the structures which found on ovary (follicular growth for pro-estrus, mature growing follicle for estrus, hemorrhagic corpus luteam for meta-estrus and active corpus luteam for di-eatrus). Forty cervical swabs (ten for each estrus phase) and forty uterine swabs (ten for each estrus phase) were taken from macroscopically healthy reproductive animals after slaughtering and cultivated on nutrient agar and blood agar, the bacterial isolation were identified with biochemical teats. The present study found that
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