Among the metaheuristic algorithms, population-based algorithms are an explorative search algorithm superior to the local search algorithm in terms of exploring the search space to find globally optimal solutions. However, the primary downside of such algorithms is their low exploitative capability, which prevents the expansion of the search space neighborhood for more optimal solutions. The firefly algorithm (FA) is a population-based algorithm that has been widely used in clustering problems. However, FA is limited in terms of its premature convergence when no neighborhood search strategies are employed to improve the quality of clustering solutions in the neighborhood region and exploring the global regions in the search space. On the

The study aims to predict Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) as a water quality indicator parameter at spatial and temporal distribution of the Tigris River, Iraq by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. This study was conducted on this river between Mosul and Amarah in Iraq on five positions stretching along the river for the period from 2001to 2011. In the ANNs model calibration, a computer program of multiple linear regressions is used to obtain a set of coefficient for a linear model. The input parameters of the ANNs model were the discharge of the Tigris River, the year, the month and the distance of the sampling stations from upstream of the river. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the distance and discharge

The study of triples seeks to deal with the comprehensive nature of the Qur’an texts, and the choice fell on the trilogy of great torment, pain, and humiliation in the Noble Qur’an - an objective study, the title of this research, in which I tried to shed light on these terms, and the nuances between them, and in particular torment The eschatological terminology varied, which can be summed up in three terms, namely the great, the painful, and the offensive. The types of torment, the pain is the painful one that is described by the severity of pain and its horror, as for the humiliating punishment, it is that which humiliates the one who has fallen on it, and the diversity of torment is due to the diversity of sins.

In this article, the solvability of some proposal types of the multi-fractional integro-partial differential system has been discussed in details by using the concept of abstract Cauchy problem and certain semigroup operators and some necessary and sufficient conditions. 

Liquid electrodes of domperidone maleate (DOMP) imprinted polymer were synthesis based on precipitation polymerization mechanism. The molecularly imprinted (MIP) and non-imprinted (NIP) polymers were synthesized using DOMP as a template. By methyl methacrylate (MMA) as monomer, N,Nmethylenebisacrylamide (NMAA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linkers and benzoyl peroxide (BP) as an initiator. The molecularly imprinted membranes were synthesis using acetophenone (APH), di-butyl sabacate (DBS), Di octylphthalate (DOPH) and triolyl phosphate (TP)as plasticizers in PVC matrix. The slopes and limit of detection of l

               Starting with a problem of the weakness of accounting disclosure in some companies administration when preparing and presenting the financial reports which are submitted to the Tax authority. This problem impacts on Tax authority performance (The effect on the quality of the performance of the tax authority), because of the lack of conviction for the information contained in those reports, and the  failure to achieve accurate results in tax authority performance that leads to a negative impact on determining taxable income and affect tax revenue, as well as negative impact on  determining taxable income and affect tax revenue, as well as negati

The current research aims to provide a conceptual and applied frame  on the subject of multi- level analysis in the research of business administration. The research tries to address some of the problems that befall the preparation of research and studies at the Arab level and local level, where the unity of theory and measurement and analysis, as well as clarify  the various types of conceptual constructs and give researchers the ability to  distinguish different models related to the level of analysis. On the other hand, this research  provides an example of 

Nano TiO₂ thin films on glass substrates were prepared at a constant temperature of (373 K) and base vacuum (10_-3 mbar), by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm wavelength. The effects of different laser energies between (700-1000)mJ on the properties of TiO₂ films was investigated. TiO₂ thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements have shown that the polycrystalline TiO₂ prepared at laser energy 1000 mJ. Preparation also includes optical transmittance and absorption measurements as well as measuring the uniformity of the surface of these films. Optimum parameters have been identified for the growth of high-quality TiO₂ films