Knowing the distribution of the mechanical rock properties and in-situ stresses for the field of interest is essential for many applications concerning reservoir geomechanics, including wellbore instability analysis, hydraulic fracturing, sand production, reservoir compaction, subsidence and water/gas injection throughout the filed life cycle. Determining the rock's mechanical properties is challenging because they cannot be directly measured at the borehole. The recovered carbonate core samples are limited and only provide discrete data for specific depths. This study focuses on creating a detailed 1D geomechanical model of the Mishrif reservoir in the Nasriyah oil field to identify the fault regime type for each unit in the formation. This is particularly important in CO2-EOR as it helps to understand reservoir connectivity and optimize CO2 injection. A geomechanical model is also necessary to evaluate the behavior of the reservoir and cap rock. This model can help predict the stress distribution, deformation, and potential failure zones. The Mishrif Formation has five units (from CI to MB-2). Based on the current results, the cap rock units (CI, CII) possess weak mechanical properties. The 1D mechanical earth model highlights different faulting regimes within the Mishrif Formation across various wells;as wells as, different trends of elasticand mechanical properties across the formation units. Some wells exhibit reverse (thrust) type faulting in the reservoir units and normal faulting in the barrier units. Conversely, other wells display strike-slip faulting in the reservoir units and reverse/thrust faulting in the barrier units. Also, the reservoir units exhibited it’s stiffness, brittle strength, it’s endurance to shear force and proved it’s geomechanical stability due to the high values of static young modulus, unconfined compressive strength, bulk modulus and relatively high mechanical properties it's important to note that the in-situ stress has significantly decreased in the barrier units.
Comparative taxonomic study has been compeleted for the species of the. genus Centaurium Hill. of Iraq. So the morphological characters were studied comparatively for the first time form Iraqi materials. Stems, leaves ,infloresences and reproductive organs characters were a good taxonomic importance. Geographical distrtribution has been done for the species of the genus in addition to the environment information. The results were presented with schedules, tables, maps and micrographs. Taxonomic key for the species separation was also presented.
The present study aims to isolate and identify ectoparasites, specifically hard ticks, that infest both domestic and wild rabbits. This research is motivated by the heightened sensitivity of rabbits to infestations by hard ticks, which are recognized as the primary vectors of certain blood-borne diseases, particularly Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF). The study areas were spread across five provinces in Iraq: Baghdad, Karbala, Wasit, Mosul, and Al-Anbar. A total of 85 hard ticks (42 male and 43 female) were infested by 57 rabbits (Leporidae Family), including 19 wild rabbits (hare) with an infestation rate of 100% and 38 domestic rabbits with an infestation rate of 18.42%. Total of infestation was 45.61%. The current results are the oc
... Show MoreIn this paper, an experimental study of the thermal performance for hybrid solar air conditioning system was carried out, to investigate system suitability for the hot climate in Iraq. The system consists of vapor compression unit combined with evacuated tube solar collector and liquid storage tank. A three-way valve was installed after the compressor to control the direction flow of the refrigerant, either to the storage tank or directly to the condenser. The performance parameters were collected by data logger to display and record in the computer by using LabVIEW software. The results show that the average coefficient of performance of hybrid solar air conditioning system (R=1) was about 2.42 to 2.77 and the average p
... Show MoreIntroduction: The major drawback of Silver diamine ϔuorde was the dark discoloration of the treated carious lesion. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the parental acceptability and perceptions to the discoloration and assess whether the degree of their acceptability could be altered with the position of the discoloured teeth, child attitude and the demographic characteristics of parents. Method: The parents who attended the dental clinic received a questionnaire which formulated with short summery about silver diamine ϔuorde with photographs (before and after treatment) and containing questions about the demographical data, attitude of the child in the dental clinic and the acceptability of SDF discoloration at different
... Show MoreThe purpose of this study is to describe the extent and nature of informal tenure practices in urban areas in Iraq, through undertaking a rapid assessment in Baghdad city. The UN-HABITAT 2008 publication Secure Land Rights for All discusses the importance of access and rights to land throughout the developing world. Secure land rights are critical to development and poverty reduction, and the greatest challenge in providing secure land rights are in urban areas, where overcrowding can lead to a number of informal tenure practices ranging from individually unregistered or unauthorised housing, to large informal settlements. Access to land is a fundamental basis for human shelter, food production, and other economic activity. Secur
... Show MoreBioremoval of chromium from wastewater of tannery factory in Iraq was studied. The bacteria Proteus vulgaris 7E showed an enhanced capability in biosorping chromium when its concentration increased in the solution, reaching a maximum of 476,7 mg/ ml out of 492 mg/ ml under optimum conditions at pH 6 and 50°C at one hour contact time and biomass of 1 mg/ml. The present results showed that dead cells of P. vulgaris 7E biosorbed 87.41 mg/ml of chromium in comparison with91.18 mg/ml of chromium biosorbed by living cells, this indicates the insignificant effect of physiological state of cells. It was found that the above biosorption is physico-chemical process depends upon electrostatic attraction forces. The results has illustrated that the
... Show MoreThe present study included the collection of fresh samples of species of genus Oxalis and examined the anatomical characteristics of the stem, scape, petiole, leaf and pedicel
There were two types of plows used widely in agricultural fields in the country. The first plow was moldboard plow, while the second one was chisel plow. There were large numbers of Iraqi farmers that used chisel plow for such farming practices. Researchers found that moldboard plows gave the highest rate of carbon dioxide emission. They observed that that with chisel plows they got the lowest carbon dioxide emission. Chisel plow saved energy as compared to moldboard plow and the cost of using the chisel plows was less than the moldboard plows. Chisel plow decreased carbon dioxide emissions from the soil and improve soil properties. The benefits of using chisel plows were more than using moldboard plows.
The current study included the collection of soft samples for Ipomoea carnea Jacq. The anatomical properties of the leaf, which included the characteristics of the surface epidermis, the vertical section of the leaf, the transverse section of the petiole, the pedicel and the indumentum, as well as the study of leaf venation, were examined
The study aims to identify the Traumatic Symptoms (physiological, emotional, and cognitive) of earthquakes among the targeted sample; it also aims to identify the significant differences between psychological, emotional, and cognitive traumatic symptoms of earthquakes according to the gender and age of participants. The study additionally seeks to identify thepsychological positive-negative reactions associated with earthquakes according to gender and age of the participants. To measure the traumatic symptoms of earthquakes, a 4-point Likert scale questionnaire with (20) items (questions) accompanied with a 4-point Likert scale questionnaire with (18) items (questions) were used to measure the Psychological positive-n
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