An experiment was conducted to study how SAE 50 engine oil contaminated with diesel fuel affects engine performance. The engine oil was contaminated with diesel fuel at concentrations of 0%, 1%, and 3%. The following performance characteristics were studied: brake-specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, friction power, and exhaust gas temperature. Each treatment was tested three times. The three treatments (0%, 1%, and 3%) were analyzed statistically with a one-way ANOVA model at the 5% probability level to determine if the three treatments produced significant differences in engine performance. The statistical results showed that there were significant differences in engine performance metrics among the three treatments. The 3

In this work ester derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of imidazole derivatives (C1) with ethylchloroacetate in ethanol and NaOH to give the corresponding (C2) .While compound (C3) acetohydrazide was synthesized by the reaction of ester derivatives (C2) with hydrazine hydrat in ethanol. Compound (C3) from the reaction with different aromatic aldehydes in absolute ethanol gave the Schiff′s bases (C4,C5). The product compounds were characterized by FT-IR, U.V and 1HNMR spectra and the biological activities were studied as antibacterial.

In order to take measures in controlling soil erosion it is required to estimate soil loss over area of interest. Soil loss due to soil erosion can be estimated using predictive models such as Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The accuracy of these models depends on parameters that are used in equations. One of the most important parameters in equations used in both of models is (C) factor that represents effects of vegetation and other land covers. Estimating land cover by interpretation of remote sensing imagery involves Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), an indicator that shows vegetation cover. The aim of this study is estimate (C) factor values for Part of Baghdad city using NDVI derived from satellite Image of Landsat-7

The olive tree, has been used it is important plant for the time being some of their parts on a large scale in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and stimulate circulation . Moreover, it is used as antibacterial material and also to address some of the respiratory system, diabetes, food preservation osteoporosis. This study involved the collection of olive leaves from different areas in Baghdad / Iraq. These leaves have been harvested, wash it, then dried and crushed, where the study aimed to identify the active ingredients and chemical elements in the olive leaf as well as its effect on the action of GOT enzyme .The study showed that the aqueous extracts (cold and hot) of the olive leaves powder are acidic in nature pH values

A simplified theoretical comparison of the hydrogen chloride (HCl) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) chemical lasers is presented by using computer program. The program is able to predict quantitative variations of the laser characteristics as a function of rotational and vibrational quantum number. Lasing is assumed to occur in a Fabry-Perot cavity on vibration-rotation transitions between two vibrational levels of hypothetical diatomic molecule. This study include a comprehensive parametric analysis that indicates that the large rotational constant of HF laser in comparison with HCl laser makes it relatively easy to satisfy the partial inversion criterion. The results of this computer program proved their credibility when compared with th

Background: Mitral valve stenosis is a condition in which the hearts mitral valve is narrowed (stenosis), This narrowing blocks the valve from opening properly obstructing blood flow through the heart and the rest of the body and this causes changes in physical parameters (resistance and conductance). Aim of the study: To assess the changes in the physical parameters in mitral valve stenosis disease in different gender and age by using Doppler ultrasound. Methods : The examination of patients at the Division of Echo - at the Iraqi Center for Heart Disease in Medical City for surgery specialist - Baghdad - Iraq, during(February2009 till November2010). The current study included fifty eight cases containing (27 males and 31 females) ages rang

In this work, we focused on studying 1,4-naphthoquinones and their derivatives, and knowing the methods of preparing them using different auxiliary agents and forming derivatives containing heterocyclic rings, active groups and saturated rings containing heterogeneous elements . In addition, due to their strong antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activity, 1,4-naphthoquinone compounds biological importance and are considered a source of various pharmaceutical compounds.

Ibuprofen is one of the most important members of NSAIDs, named aryl propionic acid derivative. Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) is an important molecule of heterocyclic compounds that have many biological activities. This work illustrates the synthesis of new ibuprofen-isatin derivatives by connecting ibuprofen hydrazide with different isatin derivatives by a condensation reaction, followed by characterization by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by using the egg-white induce edema method for all the synthesized compounds (5-8), the compounds 5 and 6 showed better anti-inflammatory activity than ibuprofen as a standard

Ibuprofen is one of the most important members of NSAIDs, named aryl propionic acid derivative. Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) is an important molecule of heterocyclic compounds that have many biological activities. This work illustrates the synthesis of new ibuprofen-isatin derivatives by connecting ibuprofen hydrazide with different isatin derivatives by a condensation reaction, followed by characterization by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by using the egg-white induce edema method for all the synthesized compounds (5-8), the compounds 5 and 6 showed better anti-inflammatory activity than ibuprofen as a standard compoun