Recent years have witnessed an increase in the use of composite coatings for numerous applications, including aerospace, aircraft, and maritime vessels. These materials owe this popularity surge to the superior strength, weight, stiffness, and electrical insulation they exhibit over conventional substances, such as metals. The growing demand for such materials is accompanied by the inevitable need for fast, accurate, and affordable nondestructive testing techniques to reveal any possible defects within the coatings or any defects under coating. However, typical nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques such as ultrasonic testing (UT), infrared thermography (IRT), eddy current testing (ECT), and laser shearography (LS) have failed to provide successful results when inspecting composite coatings. Consequently, microwave NDT techniques have emerged to compensate for the shortcomings of traditional NDT approaches. Numerous microwave NDT methods have been reported for composite coatings inspection. Although existing microwave NDT methods have shown successful inspection of composite coatings, they often face several challenges, such as low spatial image quality and extensive data interpretation. Nevertheless, many of these limitations can be addressed by utilizing microwave NDT techniques with modern technologies such as soft computing. Artificially intelligent techniques have greatly enhanced the reliability and accuracy of microwave NDT techniques. This paper reviews various traditional NDT techniques and their limitations in inspecting composite coatings. In addition, the article includes a detailed review of several microwave NDT techniques and their benefits in evaluating composite coatings. The paper also highlights the advantages of using the recently reported microwave NDT approaches employing artificial intelligence approaches. This review demonstrates that microwave NDT techniques in conjunction with artificial intelligence approaches have excellent prospects for further enhancing composite coatings inspection and assessment efficiency. The review aimed to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of most NDT techniques used for composite materials alongside their most salient features.
Low back pain a major causes of morbidity throughout the world and it is a most debilitating condition ,and can lead to decreased physical function ,compromised quality of life, and psychological distress. Obesity is nowadays a pandemic condition. Obese subjects are commonly characterized by musculoskeletal disorders and particularly by non-specific LBP. However, the relationship between obesity and LBP remain to date unsupported by objective measurements of mechanical behavior of spine and it is morphology in obese subjects. Key words: obesity, low back pain,
Language mirrors understanding of the same or other culture. Meaning is hardly encoded in the world community. Some linguists cannot solve language problems because of its abstractedness. Language communicators learn the second or foreign language at schools for three reasons. First, English is not their first language. Second, they have little or no educational background in experiencing what they know in another language. Third, they have not improved their communication skills in English. Analyzing the language as a mean of communication would not be learned enough without its practice. This paper gives an exclusive preview of applied linguistics. It defines the conversion of different areas of the study of language with second o
... Show MoreThis paper aims to give an overview of acculturation in the literature by means of its explicit definitions, main characteristics, and categorical process. It also foreshadows the significance of acquiring novice culture with particular connection to second language acquisition. Schumann and John Berry underscored acculturation each with its own model of acculturation. In the case of this review, you will realize that Schumann's two main aspects are firmly rooted in berry's model of acculturation as an exclusive description in relation to second language acquisition. Steven Krashen outlined acquiring language from the intellectual and linguistic view of learning, whereas Micheal Long demanded for communication in social perspective. It has
... Show MoreObesity is disorder in a foremost nutritional health it’s developed with countries developing. Also is known as increasingin fat accumulation that lead toproblem in health, besidesmay coin one of the reasons lead toloss of life,the obesity not effect on adults just but effect onoffspringand juveniles. In some ofinhabitants the incidence of obesity is superior in female than in male; on the other hand, the variation degree of the between the genderdifferby country.Obesity is generally measured by body mass index and waist circumference, Obesity are classified according to body mass index into:Pre obesity sort 1 : (25 - 29.9) kg/m2, Obesity sort 2 : (30 - 34.9 kg/m2) and extreme obesity sort 3: (40 kg/m2) or greater. Obesity is described by
... Show MorePhthalimide formation of Phthalic anhydride with various amines using microwave or without a method with the difference of the catalyst used in a prepared Phthalimide, either structure general are C6H4CONRCO and used as starting materials in synthesis several compounds derivative phthalimides are an important compounds because spectrum wide biological activities including Antimicrobial activity, anticonvulsant activity, Anti-inflammatory activity,Analgesic activity, Anti- influenza activity and Thromboxane inhibitory activity
When an electron moves from one atom or molecule to another, a charge-transfer complex is formed. The other objects must be able to accept these electrons, and one entity must have free electrons or a tendency to donate them. This resembles an internal oxidation-reduction reaction more. This research aims to shed light on charge transfer complexes formed by polyenes and carotenes, which act as electron-donating molecules due to their alternating double and single bonds. This allows them to create such complexes when interacting with organic molecules that lack electrons. These complexes exhibited distinctive optical and physicochemical properties, enabling them to be adapted for a wide range of applications. In addition, th
... Show MoreContemporary Media Stylistics permits readers to explore a variety of methodological applications to data analysis. Recent developments in technology and media communication provide linguists and stylisticians with authentic data for analysis based on real-life communication.
Baghdad city has been faced numerous issues related to freshwater environment deteriorations due to many reasons, mainly was the discharge of wastewater without adequate treatment. Al-Rustamiya Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) have been constructed among many plants in Baghdad city to reduce the amount of wastewater discharged into natural environment and its subsequent adverse effects. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the plant which consist of a conventional activated sludge (CAS) and sequencing batch reactors (SBR) systems as secondary treatment units and its ability to meet Iraqi specifications. A reliability level determination and analysis also were conducted to find the plant's stability an
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