Restoration of degraded lands by adoption of recommended conservation management practices can rehabilitate watersheds and lead to improving soil and water quality. The objective was to evaluate the effects of grass buffers (GBs), biomass crops (BCs), grass waterways (GWWs), agroforestry buffers (ABs), landscape positions, and distance from tree base for AB treatment on soil quality compared with row crop (RC) (corn [Zea mays L.]–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation) on claypan soils. Soil samples were taken from 10‐cm‐depth increments from the soil surface to 30 cm for GB, BC, GWW, and RC with three replicates. Soil samples were collected from summit, backslope, and footslope landscape positions. Samples were taken at 50‐ and 150‐cm distances from the tree base. β‐Glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (FDA), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), active carbon (AC), and water‐stable aggregates (WSA) were measured. Results showed that β‐glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, dehydrogenase, FDA, AC, WSA, and TN values were significantly greater (P < 0.01) for the GB, BC, GWW, and AB treatments than for the RC treatment. The first depth (0–10 cm) revealed the highest values for all soil quality parameters relative to second and third depths. The footslope landscape had the highest parameter values compared with summit and backslope positions. The 50‐cm distance of AB treatment had higher values than the 150‐cm distance for all measured parameters. Results showed that perennial vegetation practices enhanced soil quality by improving soil microbial activity and SOC.
Core Ideas
Permanent vegetative management (trees and grasses) enhanced soil quality.
Perennial practices improved microbial activity and increased soil organic carbon.
Perennial vegetative practices have agricultural and environmental significance.
Establishing perennial practices is an effective approach to enhance soil quality.
In this paper, a discrete SIS epidemic model with immigrant and treatment effects
is proposed. Stability analysis of the endemic equilibria and disease-free is presented.
Numerical simulations are conformed the theoretical results, and it is illustrated how the
immigrants, as well as treatment effects, change current model behavior
The study evaluates the incidence of inferior alveolar nerve injuries in mandibular fractures, the duration of their recovery, and the factors associated with them. Fifty-two patients with mandibular fractures involving the ramus, angle, and body regions were included in this study; the inferior alveolar nerve was examined for neurological deficit posttraumatically using sharp/blunt differentiation method, and during the follow-up period the progression of neural recovery was assessed. The incidence of neural injury of the inferior alveolar nerve was 42.3%, comminuted and displaced linear fractures were associated with higher incidence of inferior alveolar nerve injury and prolonged recovery time, and recovery of inferior alveolar nerve fun
Background: Otitis media with effusion is characterized by accumulation of fluid in the middle ear in absence of acute inflammation and it is the most common cause of acquired hearing loss in children, and may negatively affect language development failure of medical treatment of middle ear effusion frequently require myringotomy and tympanostomy tube insertion.
Objectives: To determine tympanostomy tube complications of tube in children with chronic otitis media with effusion who were treated with Shah Grommet tube insertion.
Methods: The Medical records of 162 ears of 87 children (52 male and 35 female) were reviewed respectively, the patients ages wer
Background: Zinc is involved in a variety of metabolic processes and it has a well known antioxidant activity, so the measurement of its serum level can have a special value in several diseases. Objectives: The study is designed to determine the serum zinc level in heart failure patients and to compare it with that of healthy individuals and to study the significance of the results obtained. Methods: Atomic absorption spectrometer technique was used to determine serum zinc level in fifty heart failure patients and fifty healthy individuals who were age and sex matched. Results: The mean serum zinc level in healthy individuals was about 45.5% greater than that of heart failure patients. This diffe
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common form of chronic anovulation associated with androgen excess; it occurs in about 5 – 10% 0f reproductive age women. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by insulin resistance, hypertension, obesity, abnormalities of blood clotting and dyslipidemia. Adult women with PCOS have an increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome(MBS). Objectives: To detect the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women with proved PCOS, attending the Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes, in Baghdad. Materials and methods : A total number of 40 women with proved PCOS were included in this study which was conducted in the Specialized Center f
Background: Laparoscopic surgery for appendicitis is now a well established and advanced method of performing general surgical procedures. Objectives: To compare the outcome of laparoscopic and open appendectomies in terms of operative time, analgesic requirement, postoperative complications, hospital stay, return to normal activity and condition of scar. Methods: This prospective study was carried out from 1stMay 2008-1st January 2010, involving 110 patients (45 male and 65 female) with features suggestive of acute appendicitis were divided into 45 patients laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) group and 65 patients open appendectomy (OA) group, after taking informed consent. LA was done with the
Background: Dialysis is in common use to treat patients with end stage renal failure .However longstanding dialysis harboring some cellular changes in various body fluids. This study was conducted in order to detect these changes in urine. Objective: The study was conducted to detect cellular changes in urine of patients with longstanding dialysis. Method: Fifty-three urine samples were examined cytologically obtained from patients with longstanding dialysis during 6 months period. Freshly voided midstream urine samples were taken . Samples were centrifuged and 2 to 3 drops of sediments were smeared on 2 glass slides and fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol then stained with Hand E stain to be evaluated. R
This paper deals with constructing a model of fuzzy linear programming with application on fuels product of Dura- refinery , which consist of seven products that have direct effect ondaily consumption . After Building the model which consist of objective function represents the selling prices ofthe products and fuzzy productions constraints and fuzzy demand constraints addition to production requirements constraints , we used program of ( WIN QSB ) to find the optimal solution
