Cognitive radio technology is used to improve spectrum efficiency by having the cognitive radios act as secondary users to access primary frequency bands when they are not currently being used. In general conditions, cognitive secondary users are mobile nodes powered by battery and consuming power is one of the most important problem that facing cognitive networks; therefore, the power consumption is considered as a main constraint. In this paper, we study the performance of cognitive radio networks considering the sensing parameters as well as power constraint. The power constraint is integrated into the objective function named power efficiency which is a combination of the main system parameters of the cognitive network. We prove the exi

A high sensitivity, low power and low cost sensor has been developed for photoplethysmography (PPG) measurement. The PPG principle was applied to follow the dilatation and contraction of skin blood vessels during the cardiac cycle. A standard light emitting diodes (LEDs) has been used as a light emitter and detector, and in order to reduce the space, cost and power, the classical analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs) replaced by the pulse-based signal conversion techniques. A general purpose microcontroller has been used for the implementation of measurement protocol. The proposed approach leads to better spectral sensitivity, increased resolution, reduction in cost, dimensions and power consumption. The basic sensing configuration prese

The approach of the research is to simulate residual chlorine decay through potable water distribution networks of Gukookcity. EPANET software was used for estimating and predicting chlorine concentration at different water network points . Data requiredas program inputs (pipe properties) were taken from the Baghdad Municipality, factors that affect residual chlorine concentrationincluding (pH ,Temperature, pressure ,flow rate) were measured .Twenty five samples were tested from November 2016 to July 2017.The residual chlorine values varied between ( 0.2-2mg/L) , and pH values varied between (7.6 -8.2) and the pressure was very weak inthis region. Statistical analyses were used to evaluated errors. The calculated concentrations by the calib

Survival analysis is widely applied in data describing for the life time of item until the occurrence of an event of interest such as death or another event of understudy . The purpose of this paper is to use the dynamic approach in the deep learning neural network method, where in this method a dynamic neural network that suits the nature of discrete survival data and time varying effect. This neural network is based on the Levenberg-Marquardt (L-M) algorithm in training, and the method is called Proposed Dynamic Artificial Neural Network (PDANN). Then a comparison was made with another method that depends entirely on the Bayes methodology is called Maximum A Posterior (MAP) method. This method was carried out using numerical algorithms re

      In this paper, the researcher suggested using the Genetic algorithm method to estimate the parameters of the Wiener degradation process,  where it is based on the Wiener process in order to estimate the reliability of high-efficiency products, due to the difficulty of estimating the reliability of them using traditional techniques that depend only on the failure times of products. Monte Carlo simulation has been applied for the purpose of proving the efficiency of the proposed method in estimating parameters; it was compared with the method of the maximum likelihood estimation. The results were that the Genetic algorithm method is the best based on the AMSE comparison criterion, then the reliab

The research aims to identify decent work and its impact in enhancing job immersion. The questionnaire was adopted as a tool to analyze the sample responses of (81) workers to represent an estimated response rate of (88 per cent) out of the total population of (92) individuals. The research adopted descriptive-analytical approach, and reliability calculation, arithmetic means standard deviations, relative importance, and regression analysis adopted on SPSS v.25. The conclusion shows that there is a medium correlation between decent work and job immersion, and there is a low impact of decent work with its dimensions in job immersion; extract the most important acceptable components for job from the sample point of view about the o

A comprehensive review focuses on 3D network-on-chip (NoC) simulators and plugins while paying attention to the 2D simulators as the baseline is presented. Discussions include the programming languages, installation configuration, platforms and operating systems for the respective simulators. In addition, the simulator’s properties and plugins for design metrics evaluations are addressed. This review is intended for the early career researchers starting in 3D NoC, offering selection guidelines on the right tools for the targeted NoC architecture, design, and requirements.