Most recognition system of human facial emotions are assessed solely on accuracy, even if other performance criteria are also thought to be important in the evaluation process such as sensitivity, precision, F-measure, and G-mean. Moreover, the most common problem that must be resolved in face emotion recognition systems is the feature extraction methods, which is comparable to traditional manual feature extraction methods. This traditional method is not able to extract features efficiently. In other words, there are redundant amount of features which are considered not significant, which affect the classification performance. In this work, a new system to recognize human facial emotions from images is proposed. The HOG (Histograms of Oriented Gradients) is utilized to extract from the images. In addition, the Binarized Genetic Algorithm (BGA) is utilized as a features selection in order to select the most effective features of HOG. Random Forest (RF) functions as a classifier to categories facial emotions in people according to the image samples. The facial human examples of photos that have been extracted from the Yale Face dataset, where it contains the eleven human facial expressions are as follows; normal, left light, no glasses, joyful, centre light, sad, sleepy, wink and surprised. The proposed system performance is evaluated relates to accuracy, sensitivity (i.e., recall), precision, F-measure (i.e., F1-score), and G-mean. The highest accuracy for the proposed BGA-RF method is up to 96.03%. Besides, the proposed BGA-RF has performed more accurately than its counterparts. In light of the experimental findings, the suggested BGA-RF technique has proved its effectiveness in the human facial emotions identification utilizing images.
Multipoint forming process is an engineering concept which means that the working surface of the punch and die is produced as hemispherical ends of individual active elements (called pins), where each pin can be independently, vertically displaced using a geometrically reconfigurable die. Several different products can be made without changing tools saved precious production time. Also, the manufacturing of very expensive rigid dies is reduced, and a lot of expenses are saved. But the most important aspects of using such types of equipment are the flexibility of the tooling. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the effect of three main parameters which are blank holder, rubber thickness and forming speed th
... Show MoreOpenStreetMap (OSM) represents the most common example of online volunteered mapping applications. Most of these platforms are open source spatial data collected by non-experts volunteers using different data collection methods. OSM project aims to provide a free digital map for all the world. The heterogeneity in data collection methods made OSM project databases accuracy is unreliable and must be dealt with caution for any engineering application. This study aims to assess the horizontal positional accuracy of three spatial data sources are OSM road network database, high-resolution Satellite Image (SI), and high-resolution Aerial Photo (AP) of Baghdad city with respect to an analogue formal road network dataset obtain
... Show MoreThe drill bit is the most essential tool in drilling operation and optimum bit selection is one of the main challenges in planning and designing new wells. Conventional bit selections are mostly based on the historical performance of similar bits from offset wells. In addition, it is done by different techniques based on offset well logs. However, these methods are time consuming and they are not dependent on actual drilling parameters. The main objective of this study is to optimize bit selection in order to achieve maximum rate of penetration (ROP). In this work, a model that predicts the ROP was developed using artificial neural networks (ANNs) based on 19 input parameters. For the
Most recent studies have focused on using modern intelligent techniques spatially, such as those
developed in the Intruder Detection Module (IDS). Such techniques have been built based on modern
artificial intelligence-based modules. Those modules act like a human brain. Thus, they should have had the
ability to learn and recognize what they had learned. The importance of developing such systems came after
the requests of customers and establishments to preserve their properties and avoid intruders’ damage. This
would be provided by an intelligent module that ensures the correct alarm. Thus, an interior visual intruder
detection module depending on Multi-Connect Architecture Associative Memory (MCA)
A substantial matter to confidential messages' interchange through the internet is transmission of information safely. For example, digital products' consumers and producers are keen for knowing those products are genuine and must be distinguished from worthless products. Encryption's science can be defined as the technique to embed the data in an images file, audio or videos in a style which should be met the safety requirements. Steganography is a portion of data concealment science that aiming to be reached a coveted security scale in the interchange of private not clear commercial and military data. This research offers a novel technique for steganography based on hiding data inside the clusters that resulted from fuzzy clustering. T
... Show MoreDeepfake is a type of artificial intelligence used to create convincing images, audio, and video hoaxes and it concerns celebrities and everyone because they are easy to manufacture. Deepfake are hard to recognize by people and current approaches, especially high-quality ones. As a defense against Deepfake techniques, various methods to detect Deepfake in images have been suggested. Most of them had limitations, like only working with one face in an image. The face has to be facing forward, with both eyes and the mouth open, depending on what part of the face they worked on. Other than that, a few focus on the impact of pre-processing steps on the detection accuracy of the models. This paper introduces a framework design focused on this asp
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