s The study aims to identify the fairness in the distribution of municipal services between  municipal districts and areas, from point of view  of municipal chamber staff and from the point of view of the citizen. It also aims to identify factors affecting the fairness of the distribution of municipal services. Municipal services were being studied : hygiene and waste, water supply, sewer, creating gardens,  and street paving .Factors which  examined its impact on municipal services are: resources available to municipal chamber, the managerial  process at municipal chamber,  and factors in the external environment surrounding  municipal chamber.The results of the study showed that level of the e

Number of new polyester and polyamide are prepared as derivatives from 5,5`-(1,4-phenylene)-bis-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amine) [C1], three series of heterocyclic compounds were synthesized.The first series includes the Schiff base [C2] prepared from the reaction between compound [C1] with p-hydroxy benzaldehyde in presence of acetic acid and absolute ethanol , then these derivatives have reaction with maleic anhydride , phthalic anhydride and sodium azide, respectively to obtain the compounds [C3-5] contaning (oxazepine and tetrazole) rings.The third series of compounds [C1-5] has transformed to their polymers [C6-15] by reaction with adipoyl chloride and glutroyl chloride , respectively. The reaction was followed by T.L.C and ident

This work deals with preparation of Sulfated Zirconia catalyst (SZ) for isomerization of n-hexane model and refinery light naphtha, as well as enhanced the role of promoters to get the target with the mild condition, stability, and to prevent formation of coke precursors on strong acidic sites of the catalyst. The prepared SZ catalysts were characterization by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer –Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) Analyzer. The results illustrate that the maximum conversion and selectivity for n-hexane isomerization with Ni-WSZ and operating temperature of 150 °C

     Being the meeting points of the world different languages and out of a scholarly perspective, comparative literature represents a cultural leap as well as an artistic and intellectual development or a global literary movement of both prose and poetry. Such homogenous literary structure requires a systematic and coherent study of the literary output of the people different cultures and civilizations. It also represents the theoretical approach of the present study that debates a systematic comparison between Ghassan Kanafani’s All That's Left to You and William Faulkner’s. The Sound and the Fury.  Within the perspective of the descriptive analysis approach, the present paper discusses th

Five N-substituted poly diimides were prepared by two steps. First step was included the preparation of five N-substituted diamides by reaction of adipoyl chloride with different amines .The second step was involved reaction of diamides with poly acryloyl chloride to obtain five new poly diimides having different physical properties which may used in different applications.

ينطبق مصطلح الفاعلين من غير الدول على جميع القوى أو المنظمات أو الجهات التي لا تؤسسها الدولة ولا تكون طرفاً فيها، ولها هويتها الخاصة، وتتمتع بإستقلال تام عن تمويل ومراقبة الحكومات، وتمتلك مواردها الخاصة التي تضمن لها تحقيق أهدافها في البيئة التي تنشط فيها. إن الفواعل من غير الدول بوصفها كيانات إجتماعية أو إقتصادية غير حكومية ، قد جاءت نتيجة التحول الحاصل في بنية النظام الدولي والسياسة الدولية بإتجاه النظام

تعد النصوص المسمارية من اهم الوثائق التي رفدتنا بمعلومات غزيرة عن واقع الحياة اليومية في العصر البابلي القديم المتميز بتطور النشاط الاقتصادي فيه وازدهاره. وتضمن هذا البحث دراسة وتحليل لخمسة نصوص مسمارية اقتصادية غير منشورة وهي من نصوص المتحف العراقي (المصادرة) المجهولة الموقع والمصدر وهي ذات مضامين اقتصادية , ولم نستطع اثبات عائدية النصوص وذلك لانها لاتحمل صيغ تاريخية تشير الى عائدتيها باستثناء النص الا

Jurisprudence is one of the most honorable sciences in value, and the greatest of them in reward. Through it, the rulings of religion are known. He, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said: ((Whoever God desires good, He gives him understanding of religion)), and through it, the legal rulings and what is related to them are known from what is permissible and forbidden.
And prayer is the believer’s ascent to his Lord, with which the heart is at peace and the soul is at ease. If he, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, was overwhelmed by an issue or something became difficult for him, he would panic in prayer and be reassured by it. It was necessary for the students of knowledge to investigate its aspects and its secrets

يعود الأرشيف إلى تورام ايلي التاجر والذي عرف في النصوص أيضا بوكيل التجار(ugula-dam-gàr)، في دوره هذا له سلطة بين التجار في مجتمعه(مجتمع التجار)، يذكر(Garfinkle) أن التجار غالبا ما اكتسبوا ألقابهم عن طريق الوراثة ذلك قد يمنح التجار حق الدخول إلى حسابات المؤسسات العامة. كان تورام ايلي تاجرا نشيطا في أعمال قروض الفضة في أواخر عهود سلالة أور الثالثة(3)، لمدة (ثمان عشرة) سنة أعتبارا من السنة الرابعة من حكم الملك أمارسن وحتى ا