The study aims to identify the degree of appreciation for the level of digital citizenship of a sample of Palestinian university students in the governorates of Gaza, and its relationship to the level of health awareness about the emerging coronavirus (covid-19). To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher followed a descriptive approach by applying two questionnaires; the first, which consists of 30 items, was used  to measure the level of digital citizenship.  The second, which consists of 19 items, was used to measure the level of health awareness. Both questionnaires  were applied on a sample of 367 students who were electronically selected using the manner simple randomness. Results have shown that the degr

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a problem leading to difficulty in treating microbial infections thatmay occur due to many causes. For the important pharmacist role as a reference for the information and theability to access to medications, they are vital members in lowering the development of antibiotic resistance,and also they support the proper use and control of antibioticsmisuse. Our goal is comparing the knowledge,attitude, practice of undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy students and their perceptions about thecausing factors of antibiotic resistance in Iraq.Method: A cross sectional study was conducted involving the final year bachelor and postgraduate (masterand Philosophical doctor) students from different private

A total of 90 stool sample was collected from patients with gastroenteritis to
detect adenovirus antigen among diarrhea cases. They were tested by general stool
examination (GSE), rapid immunochromatographic test and Enzyme Linked
Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). GSE showed that adenovirus gastroenteritis
infection resulted in non-bloody diarrhea, the existence of RBCs in 7% and Pus in
37% of the samples, Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite and cyst were seen in 3%
and 2% of the samples respectively. The rapid test showed that 21% of samples
were positive for rotavirus, 8% for adenovirus and 3% for astrovirus. Meanwhile,
the ELISA test showed that adenovirus was positive in 9% of the samples. These
findings establish

A newly developed analytical method characterized by its speed and sensitivity for the determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride (MCP-HCl) in pure and pharmaceutical preparation via turbidimetric measurement (0-180o) by Ayah 6SX1-T-2D Solar cell-CFI Analyser. The method was based on the reaction of phosphomolybdic acid with metoclopramide hydrochloride in acidic medium to form yellowish white precipitate for the ion-pair complex. Turbidity was measured via the reflection of incident light that collides on the surface precipitated particles at 0-180o. Chemical and physical parameters were studied and optimized. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 0.0005-3 or 0.0005- 4 mMol.L-1, with correlation coefficient r = 0.9947&

This study was carried out for direct detection of typhi and some of its multidrug resistance genes(tem,capt,gyrA&sul2)which encode for resistance to (Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol,Ciprofioxacin,Co-trimoxazole)by using Polymerase Chain Reaction technique .(71)blood samples for people suffering from typhoid fever symptoms depending on the clinical examination and (25)for control were collected. The results investigation for flic gene which encode for flagellin protein indicated that only (19)with percentage of (26,76%)gave appositive results while all control had a negative ones. Investigation for antibiotic resistance drug in samples which show positive results for flic gene showed that there is a multidrug for all antibiotics with (94.7

   SMNs like Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, WhatsApp,..etc. are among the most popular sites on the Internet. These sites can provide a powerful means of sharing, organizing, finding information and knowledge. The popularity of these sites provides an opportunity to measure the use them in knowledge sharing, which needs a special scale, but unfortunately, there is no special scale for that. Thus, this study supposes to use SCT as a scale to measure the use of SMNs in electronic knowledge sharing due to it has been used to measure knowledge sharing with its traditional form. This study can help the decision-makers to use these SMNs to share the academics’ knowledge in educational institutes to the communi

study the effect of radiation microwave (MW) in inhibition the growth of some types of bacteria in a minced meat and barker were exposed to MW for different times included (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40) sec.The results showed a high inhibition rate for 40 sec, reached to 100%. It is the other side studied the effect of microwave radiation against four types of bacteria included (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella spp), when were exposed to for (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40) sec the inhibition ratio reached to 100% in each of the Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella spp at 30 sec and Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at 40sec. using MW in the sterilization media, such as Nutrient agar, Macconkey agar and Man