Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is an autoimmune, and inflammatory disease that is closely related to the destruction of cartilage and bone. DC-SIGN are important types of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), expressed on dendritic cells and macrophages, and have a central role in regulating innate and adaptive immunity, function as pattern recognition receptors, and as cell adhesion molecules. Recent evidence has demonstrated that DC-SIGN is involved in the pathophysiological of chronic inflammation, so DC-SIGN has been linked to several autoimmune and may play an essential indicator in the pathogenesis and progression of RA. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the serum level of DC-SIGN in RA patients, as well as the level of DC-SIGN based on demographic characteristics. Fifty Iraqi RA patients were enrolled in the study, and a control sample of 38 healthy individuals (ascertain by laboratory and clinical tests) were included and matched by gender, age, and ethnicity with the patients. The DC-SIGN concentration was calculated in the patients’ serum and compared to control using the ELISA assay and the results revealed significantly increased serum level of DC-SIGN (12.047 ± 1.114 vs. 6.863 ± 0.806 ng/ml) was recorded in RA patients compared to controls. When correlating results, it was shown that the concentration of DC-SIGN in the serum did not record a significant difference between gender and age, as well as the blood groups. To determine the impact of the therapeutic status in RA patients on the DC-SIGN level, it was found that the concentration of DC-SIGN level was higher in untreated patients compared to treated patients. Regarding viral infection, when an investigation was conducted in RA patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, the serum level of DC-SIGN in RA patients with COVID-19 showed no change in concentrations compared to uninfected RA patients.
In the present study, ( Schiff's bases 6a - 6e) and (new amids derivatives 6f - 6j) have been synthesized . The glutaroyl chloride(2) has been prepared by the reacting of glutaric acid and thionyl chloride in presence of (DMF) . The new compound bis(4-formylphenyl) glutarate (3) has been Synthesized from reaction of one mole of glutaroyl chloride and two moles of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde . Compound 4,4'-(glutaroylbis(oxy))dibenzoic acid (4) was Synthesized from one mole of glutaroyl chloride and two moles of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, while compound bis(4-(chlorocarbonyl)phenyl) glutarate (5) was prepared from 4,4'-(glutaroylbis(oxy))dibenzoic acid and Thionyl chloride . Then Schiff's bases 6a - 6e that prepared
... Show MoreIn this research work, synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant bioactivity of a chain of compounds having unsaturated ketones bond and isoxazoline moiety have been described. New chalcone derivatives containing isoxazoline moiety have been synthesized. Generally, Chalcones are unsaturated ketones bearing (-CO-CH=CH-) as reactive ketoethylenic group that give the bright yellow colored compounds due to this chromophore group. Firstly, chalcones (IIa-d) have been prepared by cyclocondensation (Claisen-Schmidt condensation) of triphenyl aminobenzaldehyde with different substituted acetophenone in ethyl alcohol to produce a series of chalcones compounds with bright yellow colored as a
... Show MoreThis paper aims at providing the teaching staff members with the necessary skills so as to become capable of tackling various situations, and treating daily problems that face students learning Spanish as a Second Language. This is made as an attempt to make teachers of foreign languages in general acquainted with modern trends of teaching with less complicated methods, specifically in teaching e earlier stages of foreign languages.
Abstracto:
En el presente trabajo pretendemos dotar al docente no nativo de Lenguas extranjeras, con algunos de los métodos necesari
... Show MoreThe research deals with the concept of stigma as one of the important phenomena that cast a shadow over the nature of the individual, his being and his personality through the inferior view with which he confronts in society, and (Sartors) indicates in this regard that stigma may lead to negative discrimination that leads to many defects, in terms of obtaining On care, poor health, service, and frequent setbacks that can damage self-esteem. The first roots of this phenomenon go back to the Greek civilization and what the Greeks used to burn and cut off some parts of the body and then announce to the nation that the bearer of this sign is a criminal. In addition to the Arab peoples living from setbacks that contributed to the exacerbation
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It is clear to everyone how important it is to implement transactions electronically, as it facilitates the provision of services to beneficiaries, whether individuals or institutions, to achieve many benefits that are not exclusive to the beneficiary or the applicant, but extends to the governmental and international bodies. And the number of users has reached millions since its emergence in 1995, because the concepts of electronic transactions have great advantages for the economy in general and the banking sector in particular, so cooperation in various fields with the aim of becoming an information society has become paramount, It allows customers to pay money to any company they want t
... Show MoreThe objective of the study: To diagnose the reality of the relationship between the fluctuations in world oil prices and their reflection on the trends of government spending on the various economic sectors.
The research found: that public expenditures contribute to the increase of national consumption through the purchase of consumer goods by the state for the performance of the state's duties or the payment of wages to employees in the public sector and thus have a direct impact on national consumption
The results of the standard tests showed that there is no common integration between the oil price fluctuations and the government expenditure on the security sector through the A
... Show MoreThis study seeks to identify the possibility of achieving the property of faithful representation of accounting information and measure it by using the standard approach based on mathematical and statistical equations by comparing two financial periods before and after the application of (IFRS-15) Revenue from contracts with customers, during the period. (2014-2018), for the financial statements of the mixed joint stock companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, which is one of the main pillars of the economic structure of the country, as a joint investment between the state and the private sector, and has importance in many aspects, including support for projects of public companies, S Absorption and employment of labor, as well as ra
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