In this study the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) received by pediatrics patients undergoing chest, abdomen and skull X-ray examinations was estimated. The study was conducted in two hospitals in Najaf city where three radiographic systems were considered. The study participants were classified into four age groups 0-1 , 1-5 , 5-10 and 10-15 years. Calculations were performed using exposure factors, kVp, mAs and focal-skin distance, together with patient data age. The ESD was calculated for the involved patients who underwent an Antero-posterior (AP) chest, abdomen and skull X-ray examination. The resulted data were analyzed and compared with international dose references. For all studied radiographic examinations and all X-ray machines, the ESD increases with age. The lowest recorded radiation dose was from hospital 1 machine 2. In this facility ESD ranged from 19.93 µGy to 67.66 µGy for chest X-ray, from 39.03 µGy to 82.63 µGy for abdomen (AP), and from 35.47 µGy to 94.27 µGy for skull (AP). In contrast the highest dose levels are recorded from hospital 2 machine 1; the minimum ESD for chest X-ray is 247.51 µGy and the maximum is 2393.12 µGy; for abdomen X-ray the lowest ESD is 269.05 µGy and the highest value is 5106.15 µGy; and for skull X-ray minimum values is 430.96 µGy and the maximum value is 3072.77 µGy. In conclusion, for the considered pediatrics examinations, most of ESD values are within the international acceptable level and some are higher >100% .
Industry represents a cornerstone of the process of economic development and a measure of progress and contribute to increased prosperity and high standard of living.
The researcher analyzed the productivity indicators in industrial facilities large and small at several time periods ranging from 1970 to 2009, according to the economic situation that prevailed in each period.
Different impact of periods under discussion, it made Iraq the cash surpluses during the period 70-1980 then the effects of the war after 1980 and the economic blockade since 1990, and the subsequent events of the year
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There is poverty because of the difference in capacity and material resources, Previously poverty known on the basis of disparity between income and inadequate income. It realize later that fare wore effects of poverty is the erosion of human capital. The human poverty is the loss of food, education, health care and shelter.
In order to provide a database that target the poor , it have been propped a document on the features of poverty and the whereabouts of the poor and the rate of disparity between provinces.
Here the goal of the research is the identify the factors affecti
... Show MoreOld Iraq includes the first experiences in establishing the first residential settlements in the Mesopotamian, and model villages designed and the pulp units in it and their natural matter, that made it perennial, and construction continues until now with it. These experiences were the basis for the emergence of the Iraqi civilization and thus the world and the beginning of writing, trade and the religions of the divine since before history, and then the Sumerian, Babylonian and Assyrian civilizations, and their villages that formed the Fertile Crescent.
There is a lack of knowledge and disregard for the distant and near history of Iraq in the field of rural housing, despite Iraq's leadership in this field, with the aim of the re
... Show MoreThe research aimed to study the financial markets liquidity and returns of common stocks , Take the research the theoretical concepts associated with each of the liquidity of financial markets and returns of common stocks , As well as the use of mathematical methods in the practical side to measure market liquidity and Stocks Return, the community of research in listed companies in Iraqi stock exchange that have been trading on its stock and number 85 joint-stock company, The research was based to one premise, there is a statistically significant effect for the liquidity of the Iraqi stock exchange on returns of common stocks to traded companies in which , Using th
... Show Moreيختبر البحث الحالي علاقة الأثر والارتباط بين إدارة المعرفة التنظيمية (المتمثلة قيادة المعرفة، تنظيم المعرفة، عمليات المعرفة، ثقافة المعرفة، تطبيق المعرفة، تقاسم المعرفة) ومتغير (رأس مال الزبون) في مجموعة من المصارف الأهلية في محافظة النجف إذ تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة بمدى دور إدارة المعرفة في هذه المصارف فضلاً عن الزبائن الذين يتعاملون معها، وقد استخدمت استمارة الاستبيان كأداة رئيسة لجمع البيانات إذ تم تو
... Show MoreThe purpose of research is highlighting the role of tax expenses in promoting direct foreign investment in Iraq, The main objective of the increase in the field of tax expenses is to manage the competition in the production of goods and services locally, in addition to the various qualities of the economical. As the search contributes to the idea of the role of the policy of the tax expenses in the promotion of foreign companies operating in Iraq. The analytical and transparent transparency used by adoption of cases of the relevant body of the tax body. For each image or form of tax expenses have been reliably related to the promotion of direct foreign investment, the taxpayers highlighted the annual controls, tax cuts as the sample was
... Show Morethis study deals with effect of diabetes and hypertension on quality of life
تنبع أهمية البحث من أهمية الخبرات اللغوية التي يكتسبها الأطفال في مرحلة الرياض لما لها من أهمية بالغة في تطوير النمو اللغوي لطفل الرياض وزيادة ذخيرته اللغوية في المرحلة المستقبلية القادمة.
أن ما يكتسبه الطفل في مرحلة الرياض من ألفاظٍ وكلمات تساعد على تنمية محصوله اللغوي وتمكنهُ من النطق اللغوي السليم وتطوير قابليتهِ على تكوين الجُمل والعبارات السليمة التي تُمهد لدخولهِ المرحلة الابتدائ
... Show MoreStudies and scientific research conducted in the field of communication have shown that broadcasting has a clear impact on the ideas, attitudes and behavior of the masses if it is better used in making the media message studied.
The role of this means is not only to present opinions and ideas, but also to influence trends by supporting or changing them. This is of course a matter for the nature of the content in terms of its formulation and the way it is prepared and presented. The power and appeal of a radio message is not complete by simply creating content without creating a distinctive design; and to what extent this content depends on the logic and psychology of persuasion.
The conviction of the cont
... Show MoreThe tentative list of the biodiversity (plants and vertebrates) of Bahr Al-Najaf depression is found to comprise 104 vertebrate species including 2 fishes, 14 reptiles, 73 resident and migratory birds and 15 mammals. The flora consists of 31 species, mainly of plants well adapted to desert conditions that dominate the area, besides few examples of water plants. The salinity was found, through chemical analysis of the lake water, to be of high value which reduces the diversity of aquatic animal and plant diversity.