Most studies indicated that the values of atmospheric variables have changed from their general rates due to pollution or global warming etc. Hence, the research indicates the changes of direct solar radiation values over a whole century i.e. from 1900 to 2000 depending on registered data for four cities, namely (Mosul - Baghdad - Rutba - Basra. Moreover, attemptsto correlate the direct solar radiation with the temperature values have been recorded over that period. The results showed that there is a decreasing pattern of radiation quantities over time throughout the study period, where the value of direct radiation over the city of Baghdad 5550 w/m2 was recorded in the year 1900, but this ratio decreased clearly to approximately 5400 w/m2 in the year 2000, which is perhaps due to the increase of general pollution rates in the atmosphere. The results also showed that the city of Rutba recorded the highest annual rate of radiation quantities, and Baghdad with Mosul recorded the lowest radiation ratios compared to the rest of the cities, in addition to that there was a large convergence of radiation ratios between them to some extent. The results showed that there is a sharp drop in radiation ratios, specifically in the years1980and 1990. As for the extent of the relationship for solar radiation with temperature levels throughout the study period, it was found that there is an inverse relationship between them, and this confirms that the cause of high temperatures is not because of increased solar radiation, but it may rather due to other reasons such as increased greenhouse gases.
In recent decades, the world has faced some rapid technical developments, affected on many fields of life, which had the best chance in the information and communication technology, such that it created an entirely new situation, summed up the life and development of business enterprises. This is while these developments have changed a lot the reputation of management institutions and civil society organizations in return. In addition, they have linked the citizen and those institutions in their different specialties within a distinct electronic format called e-management in the contemporary literature.
This study attempted to highlight the importance of investment in building e-management by linking citiz
... Show MoreManagement is considered as most important resource of the society ones in modern era and an exchange
point in societies’ lives in order to achieve its goals and wishes. So far, management behinds the new
electronic society has become different in shape and nature due to the force of the nature of information
technology that shapes the relationships between the world’s individuals at the national level but it goes
beyond the international ones. The study aims at identifying the impact of the electronic management’s
components upon the improvement of the quality of nursing care in Baghdad’s hospitals. The descriptive
design, with a sample-survey approach, is used as appropriate ones for the field study of social
The Decision Making Process (DMP) is considered the vital from the point of view intellectuals. That is because of its effect on performance and the level of productivity of the workers in any organization. In the educational organization in particular, it plays a pivotal role in the technical, managerial and supervision fields. In addition to the productivity there was a great effect on the moral of the workers in all part of the organization, self respect and the problem solving approach to all work difficulties and challenges. All that leads to a better working environment where goals are achieved in a collaborative effort.
According t
... Show Moreجهن آشبيري ىه شاعر ما بعد الحداثة كتب قريدة " صهرة شخرية في مرآة محدبة " في عام .3791 يعد الفن والتأمل الذاتي عنررين ميمين في األدب ، كما تم تقديمو في قريدة آشبيري ، وتبين أن نيجو النقدي تجاه الفن والتأمل الذاتي كان مركز جذب من عقهل ما بعد الحداثة خالل عرره ، الذي انخرط في نقد عمل آشبيري بدبب طبيعتو المربكة أو كتابتو. إحدى سمات شعراء ما بعد الحداثة ىي انخراطيم في االنعكاسية الذاتية والتناص. من خالل ىذه العناصر ، ينقل
... Show Moreتأثير الخداع التسويقي في السمعة التنظيمية / بحث تطبيقي في صيدليات محافظة بغداد
Aljazri made an effort to prominence the scientific rank of
reporters through transfer accurate expressions reflects the
heighest ability of reporter . these opinions are often of the
translator's companions or of his students who heard and studied
from him . Their phrases are included in the translator's edited.
Most of the time, they are brief phrases that indicate precise
meaning
The economy is one of the pillars of State infrastructure the Marinian (668-869/1269-1465 m) with its multiple sectors with a direct impact on social and economic act to individuals, groups or in the vicinity of the countryside and the cities
يعد القرن السابع الهجري /الثالث عشر ميلادي من أسوأ القرون التي عصفت بتاريخ أمتنا، وتمثل ذلك بالغزو الصليبي الذي كان في أوجه ومن ثم الغزو المغولي الهمجي الذي انهال على الأمة كما الجراد، أضيف لذلك ما كانت عليه الأحوال الداخلية من نزاعات بين الملوك والسلاطين، ورغم كل ذلك استطاع ثلة من العلماء الأكابر أن يدنوا التاريخ ويسطروه ليبقى محفوظاً للأجيال اللاحقة وصوناً لتراث الأمة العريق.