Generalized Additive Model has been considered as a multivariate smoother that appeared recently in Nonparametric Regression Analysis. Thus, this research is devoted to study the mixed situation, i.e. for the phenomena that changes its behaviour from linear ( with known  functional form) represented in parametric part, to nonlinear (with unknown functional form: here, smoothing spline) represented in nonparametric part of the model. Furthermore,  we propose robust semiparametric GAM estimator, which compared with two other existed techniques.                

يتناول هذا البحث لهجات شبه الجزيرة العربية وهي مجموعة من اللهجات التي تنتمي إلى اسرة لغوية واحدة وقد عمدنا إلى هذا المصطلح الذي اطلقته الدكتورة ولاء صادق الأسدي نسبة إلى الموقع الذي انطلقت منه القبائل الناطقة بتلك اللهجات وهو شبه الجزيرة العربية ,وقد تم اطلاق لفظة اللهجات بدلا من (اللغات) على اعتبار ان تلك اللهجات منبثقة من لغة جامعة واحدة وهي ما يطلق عليها اللغة الأم لتلك اللهجات وإن ذكرنا في هذا البحث الاخت

          A total global dominator coloring of a graph  is a proper vertex coloring of  with respect to which every vertex  in  dominates a color class, not containing  and does not dominate another color class. The minimum number of colors required in such a coloring of  is called the total global dominator chromatic number, denoted by . In this paper, the total global dominator chromatic number of trees and unicyclic graphs are explored.

Sensitive information of any multimedia must be encrypted before transmission. The dual chaotic algorithm is a good option to encrypt sensitive information by using different parameters and different initial conditions for two chaotic maps. A dual chaotic framework creates a complex chaotic trajectory to prevent the illegal use of information from eavesdroppers. Limited precisions of a single chaotic map cause a degradation in the dynamical behavior of the communication system. To overcome this degradation issue in, a novel form of dual chaos map algorithm is analyzed. To maintain the stability of the dynamical system, the Lyapunov Exponent (LE) is determined for the single and dual maps. In this paper, the LE of the single and dual maps