Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease causes permanent morbidity, premature mortality and great burden to the healthcare system. Smoking is it's most common risk factor and Spirometry is for diagnosing COPD and monitoring its progression.

Objectives: Early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in symptomatic smokers’ ≥ 40years by spirometry.

Methods: A cross sectional study on all symptomatic smokers aged ≥ 40 years attending ten PHCCs in Baghdad Alkarkh and Alrisafa. Those whose FEV1/FVC was <70% on spirometry; after giving bronchodilator, were considered COPD +ve.

Results:  Overall, airway obstruction was seen in

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene contains some single nucleotide polymorphisms, which have been associated with serum high-density lipoprotein concentration and other lipoproteins. This study is done for determining of cholesteryl ester transfer protein polymorphism and evaluate its effect on serum lipid profile concentrations in some hyperlipidemic patients compared with healthy subjects in Salah Al-din governorate-Iraq. Blood samples were taken from (90) patients suffering from hyperlipidemia, and (70) samples that were apparently healthy controls.  Serum lipid concentrations were measured by enzymatic assays. The polymorphism was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.&n

The purpose of this research is to introduce a concept of general partial metric spaces as a generalization of partial metric space. Give some results and properties and find relations between general partial metric space, partial metric spaces and D-metric spaces.

     The research deals with an evolutionary-based mutation with functional annotation to identify protein complexes within PPI networks. An important field of research in computational biology is the difficult and fundamental challenge of revealing complexes in protein interaction networks. The complex detection models that have been developed to tackle challenges are mostly dependent on topological properties and rarely use the biological  properties of PPI networks. This research aims to push the evolutionary algorithm to its maximum by employing gene ontology (GO) to communicate across proteins based on biological information similarity for direct genes. The outcomes show that the suggested method can be utilized to improve the

The dependence of the energy losses or the stopping power for the energies and the related penetrating factor are arrive by using a theoretical approximation models. in this work we reach a compatible agreement between our results and the corresponding experimental results.

Automatic document summarization technology is evolving and may offer a solution to the problem of information overload. Multi-document summarization is an optimization problem demanding optimizing more than one objective function concurrently. The proposed work considers a balance of two significant objectives: content coverage and diversity while generating a summary from a collection of text documents. Despite the large efforts introduced from several researchers for designing and evaluating performance of many text summarization techniques, their formulations lack the introduction of any model that can give an explicit representation of – coverage and diversity – the two contradictory semantics of any summary. The design of gener

يُعد التنمر ظاهرة إجتماعية قديمة موجودة في جميع المجتمعات سواء أكان المجتمع صناعيًا أم ناميًا، كما يُعد من المفاهيم الحديثة نسبيًا، وربما يرجع لحداثة الإعتراف به نوعًا من أنواع العنف فضلاعن ندرة الدراسات التي تناولته وعدم وجود معيار محدد لتحديد السلوك الذي يعد تنمرًا أم عابرًا، لقد بدأ الأهتمام بدراسة التنمر في سبعينات القرن الماضي وأصبح موضعًا يحضى بأهتمام العديد في مختلف البلدان، وفي عصرنا الحالي تطورت