stem cells are cells found in most of not all, multicellular organisns. these cells are characterized by the ability to self-renew through mitotic divisions and to differentiate into diverse range of specialized cell types to form a whole organism.

Back ground: Although adult stem cells possess plasticity that permit differentiation along new lineages, production of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells and insulin-secreting beta-cells from adult non pancreatic stem cells has been considered controversial. We present that highly purified adult rat hepatic oval stem cells, which are capable of differentiation to hepatocytes and bile ducts epithelium, can also trans-differentiate into pancreatic exocrine-endocrine tissue, when homogenized hepatic tissue is implanted into subcutaneous tissue .
Methods and Materials: A total of 60 adult Swiss albino rats were divided into two groups . Group I , control group (30 animals) was injected with normal salin

Anew Solar concentrator have been designed in this paper, this concentrators Were based on the total internal reflection in a prism, the prism angles has been calculated by depending on the solar incident ray angle in baghdad for a year. The optical design consist ofa triangular presume, Where the solar cells on one side of the prism Wh?le the prism head towered the south. The results show that there is an increasing in the solar ray concentrators and the cell area is reduced.

Multi-document summarization is an optimization problem demanding optimization of more than one objective function simultaneously. The proposed work regards balancing of the two significant objectives: content coverage and diversity when generating summaries from a collection of text documents.

     Any automatic text summarization system has the challenge of producing high quality summary. Despite the existing efforts on designing and evaluating the performance of many text summarization techniques, their formulations lack the introduction of any model that can give an explicit representation of – coverage and diversity – the two contradictory semantics of any summary. In this work, the design of

Background: Adipose derived-mesenchymal stem cells have been used as an alternative to bone marrow cells in this study. Objective: We investigated the in vitro isolation, identification, and differentiation of stem cells into neuron cells, in order to produce neuron cells via cell culture, which would be useful in nerve injury treatment. Method: Mouse adipose mesenchymal stem cells were dissected from the abdominal subcutaneous region. Neural differentiation was induced using β-mercaptoethanol. This study included two different neural stage markers, i.e. nestin and neurofilament light-chain, to detect immature and mature neurons, respectively. Results: The immunocytochemistry results showed that the use of β-mercaptoethanol resulted in

The operating characteristics of optoelectronic devices depend critically on the properties physical of the constituent materials, interesting compound has been focused on this research formed from group III and V of the periodic table. Thin film n-InSb heterjuntion were successfully fabricated on p-Si substrates by thermal evaporation technique at different annealing temperature (as prepared, 400,500,600) °C. The effect of annealing temperature on the structural, surface morphology, optical and optoelectronic properties of InSb films were investigated and studied. The crystal structure of the film was characterized by X-ray diffraction and techniques. AFM techniques inspect the surface morphology of InSb films, the study presented the val

In this research, we have added nano anatase TiO₂ as a partial replacement of Portland cement by a weight percentage of (0.25 to 1%) for the development of properties for protection against bacteria. The control mix was made by using "the cement to sand" proportion about (1: 2.75) with the "water to cement" proportion of (0.5) to study the structure, porosity, water absorption, density, mechanical properties, as well as anti-bacterial behavior. Inspections have been done such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM) for mortar. Experimental results showed that after the addition of Nano powders in cement mortar, the structural properties improved significantly with the development of hydration o

In this paper the manufacture of an alkaline fuel cell electrodes made upfrom a Nano mesh (Pt:NiO) catalyst has been studying , made from a Nano mesh (Pt:NiO ) catalyst. The general morphology of the samples is were imaged by using with the an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) to determine the roughness of the prepared surface, it constructed from nanostructure with dimensions in order of 35 nm. The Structural characteristics were studied through the analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the prepared nanomaterial for determining the yielding phase;1. 72 volt was also obtained at 0.02 A/cm2 current density for an alkaline fuel cell.

     In this work, the characterization and application of thin films composite incorporated titanium dioxide (TiO₂) (0.8)% volume ratio for (Rutile) nanostructure with poly [2- methoxy-5-(2’-ethylhexoxy-p-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) were deposited by a spin-coating technique. The optical properties for deposited (MEH-PPV/TiO₂) nanocomposite thin films have two peaks which are the Q-band in the visible region and B-band in ultraviolet. This study shows that the absorption spectrum of organic polymer mixing with TiO₂ increased with increasing the volume ratios TiO₂. The I-V characteristic of nanocomposite thin films shows that the current at dark and light condition