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Dispersion in a Gas Filled Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fiber
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Hollow core photonic bandgap fibers provide a new geometry for the realization and enhancement of many nonlinear optical effects. Such fibers offer novel guidance and dispersion properties that provide an advantage over conventional fibers for various applications. Dispersion, which expresses the variation with wavelength of the guided-mode group velocity, is one of the most important properties of optical fibers. Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) offer much larger flexibility than conventional fibers with respect to tailoring of the dispersion curve. This is partly due to the large refractive-index contrast available in the silica/air microstructures, and partly due to the possibility of making complex refractive-index structure over the fiber cross section. In this paper the fundamental physical mechanism has been discussed determining the dispersion properties of PCFs, and the dispersion in a gas filled hollow core photonic crystal fiber has been calculated. We calculate the dispersion of air filled hollow core photonic crystal fiber, also calculate the dispersion of N2 gas filled hollow core photonic crystal fiber and finally we calculate the dispersion of He gas filled hollow core photonic crystal fiber.

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Publication Date
Wed May 05 2021
Journal Name
Mustansiriyah Journal Of Sports Science
The Effect of Parachute Exercises and Cloud Pockets in the Water Ocean on Some Special Physical Abilities and the Achievement of 50-Meter Swimming for Youth
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ولاء طارق حميد, Mustansiriyah Journal of Sports Science, 2021

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 26 2022
Journal Name
Bmc Public Health
Investigating the current environmental situation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during the third wave of COVID-19 pandemic: urban vs. rural context
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Abstract<sec> <title>Background

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a massive global socio-economic tragedy that has impacted the ecosystem. This paper aims to contextualize urban and rural environmental situations during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region.

Results

An online survey was conducted, 6770 participants were included in the final analysis, and 64% were females. The majority of the participants were urban citizens (74%). Over 50% of the urban residents significantly (p

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 18 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Dissemination of Multidrug Resistance (MDR) and Extensively Drug Resistant (XDR) among Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) Isolates from Urinary Tract Infection Patients in Babylon Province, Iraq
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Antibiotic resistance is a problem of deep scientific concern both in hospital and community settings. Rapid detection in clinical laboratories is essential for the judicious recognition of antimicrobial resistant organisms. So, the growth of Uropathgenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates with Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and Extensively Drug-resistant (XDR) profiles that thwart therapy for (UTIs) has been detected and has straight squeezed costs and extended hospital stays. This study aims to detect MDR- and XDR-UPEC isolates. Out of 42 UPEC clinical isolates were composed from UTI patients. The bacterial strains were recognized by standard laboratory protocols. Susceptibility to antibiotic was measured by the standard disk diffusi

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Population Therapeutics And Clinical Pharmacology
The reality of organizational health in the Central Iraqi Football Federation from the point of view of those who manage the implementation of the annual curriculum
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The aim of this research is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of organizational health in the Iraqi Central Handball Federation from the point of view of those who manage the implementation of the annual curriculum, and adopt a descriptive approach in the method of studying the case. This is based on a sample of administrators of the Iraqi Handball Federation curriculum [trainers, governors, members, president, the 138 members of the Central Federation's Administrative Authority, the President, members of the sub-federations of the sports market (2021/2022) selected deliberately by 100% and then divided into statistical analysis sample (30), reconnaissance sample (10), and application sample (98)]. The regulatory health questionnaire

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 27 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Basic Education
The impact of cross-training in the development of the skills of the crushing blow and the blow-to-blow stroke under the age of 17
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Publication Date
Mon Apr 04 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Motivated Classroom Evaluation Environment for Learning and its Relationship to Feedback Patterns among Teachers of the Second Cycle of Basic Education in the Sultanate of Oman
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This study aims to investigate the degree of practicing the motivated classroom evaluation environment for learning and its relationship to different feedback patterns. To achieve the objectives of the study, the correlational descriptive research design was employed. A questionnaire was constructed consisting of two parts: the classroom evaluation environment (13) items, and feedback patterns (24) items on a five-point scale. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were verified in terms of validity and reliability. The questionnaire was applied to a sample of (265) male and female teachers who work in the second cycle schools for grades (5-10) of basic education in all academic majors in the Governorate of Muscat in the Sultan

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Marketing decisions as an intermediary variable of the nature of the relationship between Environmental Turbulence and marketing effectiveness exploratory study of Carrefour branches in Erbil Governorate
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The organizations, represented by its Management, are working hard in various ways to identify the environmental disturbances that occur in their environment and to investigate and follow up the movement of these disturbances and to respond to them through the decisions they make in an attempt to keep pace with the work and sustainability of their activities, including those decisions, marketing decisions taken by the environmental disturbulence in the market of the organization, the inability of these organizations to read the indicators of these disturbulence correctly displays their marketing effectiveness to vibration and decline in the negative.The current research is based on a fundamental problem that envi

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
الأستاذ
Analysis of the content of the chemistry book for the second intermediate grade according to habits of mind In light of the educational reform project (2061)
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Publication Date
Sun Nov 27 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The image of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the independent Iraqi press: An analytical study of the Al—Zaman, Al-Dustour, and Al-Mada newspapers
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Through this descriptive study of the image of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the independent Iraqi press, the researcher relies on surveys, content analysis, and observation tools. The research community selected was the Iraqi independent press, represented by the Al-Zaman, Al-Dustour, and Al-Mada newspapers. The researcher adopts the comprehensive inventory method for newspaper issues produced between October 2019 and January 2020.

The results of this study show that Iran's interference in Iraq's internal affairs was one of the most prominent components of the picture that independent Iraqi newspapers seek to paint about the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 15 2019
Journal Name
Al-academy
Role of the Internet in Spreading Rumors Social networking sites "Facebook" model For the duration of 1-7-2017 until 30-11-2017: يوسف محمد حسين
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This study is about the role of the Internet in spreading rumors, especially through social networking sites "Facebook" model as the effectiveness of social networks lies in the speed of transmission of events; these two characteristics are important to the public, making the Internet a strong contender for television and its relationship with the public. That's why we find that the Internet today has become a fertile environment for the growth and spread of rumors. The more limited the platforms and places of publication, the greater the responsibility in the search for the original source in   spreading this or that rumor, as the Internet is considered an easy means in the production, spreading  and re-spreading  of

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