Apparent molar volume, V?, and viscosity B-coefficient of nicotinc acid in water and in aqueous NaCl solutions have been determined from density and viscosity measurements at (293.15, 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K. The experimental density data were evaluated by Masson equation, and the derived, apparent molar volume at infinite dilution, Vo?, and the slope Sv, were interpreted in term of solute-solvent and solute- solute interactions. Transfer apparent molar volumes at infinite dilution of nicotinic acid from water to NaCl solutions at various temperatures have been calculated.The viscosity data have been analyzed using Jones-Dole equation, and the derived parameters, Jones-Dolecoefficient, B,and Falkenhagen coefficient,A, have been also interpreted in terms of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions respectively. The variation of B coefficient with temperature, (dB/dT), was also determined, the negative values indicate that nicotinic acid in aqueous NaCl solution is structure making. The results were interpreted in terms of complex vitamin-water-co-solute (NaCl) interactions. The free energy, enthalpy, andentropy of activation were calculated using the Nightingale, Benck, and Eyring equations. Free energies of activation of viscous flow ( *1) per mole, and, ( *2) per mole,of solvent and solute, respectively, were also calculated. The effects of soluteson the structure of water were interpreted in terms of viscositiesand the thermodynamic parameters.
The current study included testing the ability of plant Hydrilla verticillata (L. F.) on the accumulation of two heavy metals in its tissues, and use the plant in phytoremediation. The plant was exposure to different concentrations of chromium and copper metals (2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20) ppm, for a period of fourteen days, for each solution.The results showed that Hydrilla was more efficient in the removal of chromium, where the amount of the remaining concentration of chromium at the last day of the experiment was (0.20 ± 0.014- 0.66 ± 0.114- 0.99 ± 0.176- 0.79 ± 0.073- 1.80 ± 0.131) ppm, while for copper was (0.33 ± 0.06- 1.13 ± 0.39- 1.66 ± 0.05- 1.96 ± 0.043- 2.33 ± 0.0497) ppm at the last day of the experiment, respectively.
Data mining has the most important role in healthcare for discovering hidden relationships in big datasets, especially in breast cancer diagnostics, which is the most popular cause of death in the world. In this paper two algorithms are applied that are decision tree and K-Nearest Neighbour for diagnosing Breast Cancer Grad in order to reduce its risk on patients. In decision tree with feature selection, the Gini index gives an accuracy of %87.83, while with entropy, the feature selection gives an accuracy of %86.77. In both cases, Age appeared as the most effective parameter, particularly when Age<49.5. Whereas Ki67 appeared as a second effective parameter. Furthermore, K- Nearest Neighbor is based on the minimum err
... Show MoreData mining has the most important role in healthcare for discovering hidden relationships in big datasets, especially in breast cancer diagnostics, which is the most popular cause of death in the world. In this paper two algorithms are applied that are decision tree and K-Nearest Neighbour for diagnosing Breast Cancer Grad in order to reduce its risk on patients. In decision tree with feature selection, the Gini index gives an accuracy of %87.83, while with entropy, the feature selection gives an accuracy of %86.77. In both cases, Age appeared as the most effective parameter, particularly when Age<49.5. Whereas Ki67 appeared as a second effective parameter. Furthermore, K- Nearest Neighbor is based on the minimu
... Show MoreThis research include design and implementation of an Iraqi cities database using spatial data structure for storing data in two or more dimension called k-d tree .The proposed system should allow records to be inserted, deleted and searched by name or coordinate. All the programming of the proposed system written using Delphi ver. 7 and performed on personal computer (Intel core i3).
This article studied some linear and nonlinear optical characteristics of different pH solutions from anthocyanin dye extract at 180 oC from red cabbage. First, the linear spectral characteristics, including absorption and transmittance in the range 400-800 nm for anthocyanin solution 5% v/v with different pHs, were achieved utilizing a UV/VIS spectrophotometer. The experimental results reveal a shift in the absorption toward the longer wavelength direction as pH values increment. Then, the nonlinear features were measured using the Z-scan technique with a CW 532 nm laser to measure the nonlinear absorption coefficient through an open aperture. A close aperture (diameter 2 mm) calculates the nonlinear refractive index. The open Z-scan sh
... Show MoreThis paper is concerned with the blow-up solutions of a system of two reaction-diffusion equations coupled in both equations and boundary conditions. In order to understand how the reaction terms and the boundary terms affect the blow-up properties, the lower and upper blow-up rate estimates are derived. Moreover, the blow-up set under some restricted assumptions is studied.
Recognizing cars is a highly difficult task due to the wide variety in the appearance of cars from the same car manufacturer. Therefore, the car logo is the most prominent indicator of the car manufacturer. The captured logo image suffers from several problems, such as a complex background, differences in size and shape, the appearance of noise, and lighting circumstances. To solve these problems, this paper presents an effective technique for extracting and recognizing a logo that identifies a car. Our proposed method includes four stages: First, we apply the k-medoids clustering method to extract the logo and remove the background and noise. Secondly, the logo image is converted to grayscale and also converted to a binary imag
... Show MoreIn the analysis of multiple linear regression, the problem of multicollinearity and auto-correlation drew the attention of many researchers, and given the appearance of these two problems together and their bad effect on the estimation, some of the researchers found new methods to address these two problems together at the same time. In this research a comparison for the performance of the Principal Components Two Parameter estimator (PCTP) and The (r-k) class estimator and the r-(k,d) class estimator by conducting a simulation study and through the results and under the mean square error (MSE) criterion to find the best way to address the two problems together. The results showed that the r-(k,d) class estimator is the best esti
... Show MoreThis paper investigates an effective computational method (ECM) based on the standard polynomials used to solve some nonlinear initial and boundary value problems appeared in engineering and applied sciences. Moreover, the effective computational methods in this paper were improved by suitable orthogonal base functions, especially the Chebyshev, Bernoulli, and Laguerre polynomials, to obtain novel approximate solutions for some nonlinear problems. These base functions enable the nonlinear problem to be effectively converted into a nonlinear algebraic system of equations, which are then solved using Mathematica®12. The improved effective computational methods (I-ECMs) have been implemented to solve three applications involving
... Show MoreHCl is separated from HCl –H2SO4 solution by membrane distillation process(MD). The flat –sheet membranes made from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polypropylene (pp.). Plate and frame these types of membrane where used in the process. The feed is a mixture of HCl and H2SO4 acids compositions depended on metals treated object.HCl concentration increased in the permeate during the process but sulfuric acid increased gradually in the feed .During the concentration of solution acids concentrations in the feed at the beginning were 50 g/dm3 of sulfuric acid and 50 g/dm3 of hydrochloric acid at 333K feed temperature the permeate flux was 71 dm
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