A number of compression schemes were put forward to achieve high compression factors with high image quality at a low computational time. In this paper, a combined transform coding scheme is proposed which is based on discrete wavelet (DWT) and discrete cosine (DCT) transforms with an added new enhancement method, which is the sliding run length encoding (SRLE) technique, to further improve compression. The advantages of the wavelet and the discrete cosine transforms were utilized to encode the image. This first step involves transforming the color components of the image from RGB to YUV planes to acquire the advantage of the existing spectral correlation and consequently gaining more compression. DWT is then applied to the Y, U and V color space information giving the approximate and the detail coefficients. The detail coefficients are quantized, coded using run length encoding (RLE) and SRLE. The approximate coefficients were coded using DCT, since DCT has superior compression performance when image information has poor power concentration in high frequency areas. This output is also quantized, coded using RLE and SRLE. Test results showed that the proposed DWT DCT SRLE system proved to have encouraging results in terms of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Compression Factor (CF) and execution time when compared with some DWT based image compressions.
Hypothyroidism is a frequent disorder in the general population, especially among women, is defined as adeficiency of thyroid activity that results from insufficient production or action of thyroid hormones leading to a totaldecrease of metabolic. Human leukocyte antigen is the most polymorphic genetic system in man. Genes of this regioninfluence susceptibility to certain diseases.Objectives: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of HLA-DRB1 genotyping in hypothyroidpatients with and without periodontitis. Sixty hypothyroid patients 30 of patients were with periodontitis and 30without periodontitis compare with 30 healthy subjects as control enrolled in this study. DNA was extracted fromblood samples, then HLA- genotyp
... Show MoreBackground: Assessment is an important part of the learning cascade in education. Students realize it as an influential motivator to direct and guide their learning. The method of assessment determines the way the students reach high levels of learning. It has been documented that one of factor affecting students’ choice of learning approach is the way how assessment is being performed. Many methods of assessment namely multiple choice questions, essay questions and others are mainly used to assess basic science knowledge in undergraduate education. Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare multiple choice questions (MCQ) and essay questions (EQ) (record the success and failure rate of multiple choice questions (MCQ) and essay quest
... Show MoreThe investigation of the effect of tempering on thermal analysis of
Al-Ti-Si alloy and its composites with MgO and SiC particles was
performed. Thermal analysis was performed before and after
tempering by DSC scan. Optical microscopy was used to identify the
phases and precipitations that may be formed in base alloy and
composites. X-ray diffraction test indicated that the Al3Ti is the main
phase in Al-Ti-Si alloy in addition to form Al5Ti7Si12 phase. Some
chemical reactions can be occurred between reinforcements and
matrix such as MgO.Al2O3 in Al-Ti/MgO, and Al4C3 and Al(OH)3 in
Al-Ti/SiC composite. X-ray florescence technique is used to
investigate the chemical composition of the fabricated specimens.
H
The purpose of the search definition on factors superior this whoever impact on the improvement the exploitation decision this detect on stock exchange markets assumption , and using questioners to data accumulate and the Iraq market of financial papers battleground to search annoy chose the eyeball extension (47) peoples from peoples employees on the market , and using the bought statistic program (SPSS) on input and analysis search data , and machinate the search outputs to their group of factors internal and external which impact on exploitation decision on financial papers markets , and the search commend on necessary rise the incumbency direction in the stock exchange
... Show MoreAbiotic stress-induced genes may lead to understand the response of plants and adaptability to salinity and drought stresses. Differential display reverse transcriptase – polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) was used to investigate the differences in gene expression between drought- and salinity-stressed plantlets of Ruta graveolens. Direct and stepwise exposures to drought- or salt-responsive genes were screened in R. graveolens plantlets using the DDRT technique. Gene expression was investigated both in the control and in the salt or drought-stressed plantlets and differential banding patterns with different molecular sizes were observed using the primers OPA-01 (646,770 and 983 pb), OPA-08 (593 and 988 pb), OPA-11 (674 and 831 pb
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