Background Type two diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by insufficient insulin production and secretion. Additionally, the body develops insulin resistance which affects 90–95% of diabetics. Complex cytokines, receptors, genetic pathways, and the immune system are involved in T2DM. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is one of the inflammatory cytokines associated with Type 2 diabetes. Environmental and genetic variables, including genetic polymorphisms, can increase T2DM risk and its consequences. Single nucleotide gene polymorphisms (SNPs) are important risk factors for diabetes that can be used to find the disease early and treat it better. Objective This study aimed to determine the levels of IL-18 in the serum of Iraqi patients with Type 2 diabetes

Background: Malnutrition in human life may adversely affect various aspects of growth at different stages of life. Teeth are particularly sensitive to malnutrition. Malnutrition may affect odontometric measurement involving tooth size dimensions. The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of nutrition on teeth size dimension measurements among children aged 5 years old. Materials and methods: This study was conducted among malnourished group in comparison to well-nourished group matching with age and gender. The present study included 158 children aged 5 years (78 malnourished and 80 well-nourished). The assessment of nutritional status was done by using three nutritional indicators, namely Height-for-age, Weight-for-age and Weight-fo

Background: Acrylic resin polymer s used in prosthodontic treatment as a denture base material for several decades. Separation and debonding of artificial teeth from denture bases present a laboratory and clinical problem affect patient and dentist. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of oxygen plasma and argon plasma treatment of acrylic teeth and thermocycling on bonding strength to hot cured acrylic resin denture base material. Materials and Methods: Sixty denture teeth (right maxillary central incisor) are selected. The denture teeth are waxed onto the beveled surface of rectangular wax block according to Japanese standard for artificial teeth. The control group consisted of 20 denture teeth specimen without any treatment.

تعد المحاسبة بشكل عام علماً لكنها ليست من العلوم الصرفة وإنما من العلوم الإجتماعية مما يتطلب للتعامل مع المواضيع المحاسبية الأخذ بنظر الاعتبار الأشخاص المعنيين بالموضوع سواء كانوا المعدين للمخرجات المحاسبية أي المحاسبين، أو الاطراف ذوي المصالح المعنيين والمستفيدين من هذه المخرجات أي المستخدمين، ويعد المحاسب جزءاً من العملية الاجرائية نفسها وبهذا يكون دوره مزدوجاً يجمع بين كونه القائم بالبحث والقي

Abstract

               The research aimed to prepare an audit program focusing on the activities of municipal institutions related to the environmental dimension as one of the dimensions of sustainable development, and applying the program for the purpose of preparing an oversight report related to assessing the impact of the activities of municipal institutions on the environmental reality as the main channel through which municipal institutions contribute to achieving the part related to it. Among the requirements of sustainable development, the proposed program was prepared and applied to the institutions affiliated to the Directorate of Mu

The study is concern on determine the type of Candida spp.in leukemia patients that were infected with oral candidiasis as a result to their immune suppression (weekend immune system) due to their submission to radiation and chemotherapy treatment. The result showed that the most common isolates were C. guillermondii 19 which represent 31.66% of cases, then followed by C. itermedia 11 which represent 18.3%, while the less common isolates were for C. zeylamodes 3 which represent 5%.

Objective: To identify the effect of the cube model on visual-spatial intelligence and learning the skill of spikinging in volleyball for female students, The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equivalent groups with pre- and post-measurements. Research methodology: The main research sample of (30) female students was selected from the research community represented by second-stage students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Baghdad for the academic year (2024-2025). The sample was divided equally into two control and experimental groups. The researchers conducted the sample homogenization process and the equivalence process between the two groups in the variables of visua

Abstract: Choosing suitable artificial teeth for partially edentulous patients and arranging these teeth in a way to look natural is difficult. An important factor in dentures construction is the mesiodistal width of anterior teeth, because a denture would not appearance natural if artificial teeth are of incorrect size. While for a successful orthodontic treatment, mesiodeistal width of teeth is important for space analysis and for establishing proper occlusion. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between the average mesiodistal width of anterior and posterior teeth in male and female Iraqi population. 40 Iraqi subjects with normal occlusion participated in this study. Mesiodistal measurement of all teeth was carried out