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Synthesis, Characterization and Acute Anti-inflammatory Evaluation of New Mefenamic Acid Derivatives Having 4-Thiazolidinone Nucleus
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Mefenamic acid (MA) is one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, it is widely used probably due to having both anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, the main side effects of mefenamic acid include gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disturbance mainly diarrhea, peptic ulceration, and gastric bleeding. The analgesic effects of NSAIDs are probably linked to COX-2 inhibition, while COX-1 inhibition is the major cause of this classic adverse effects. Introduction of thiazolidinone may lead to the increase in the bulkiness leads to the preferential inhibition of COX-2 rather than COX-1 enzyme. The study aimed to synthesize derivatives of mefenamic acid with more potency and to decrease the drug's potential side effects, new series of 4-thiazolidinone derivatives of mefenamic acid were synthesized IVa-g. The synthetic procedures for target compounds and their intermediates are designed to be as follows: acylation of secondary amine of mefenamic acid by chloroacetylchloride to produce compound (I), then reaction between compound (I) and hydrazine hydrate to form hydrazine derivative of mefenamic acid (compound II). After that, Schiff base formation by addition of seven benzaldehyde derivatives and finally, cyclization in presence of thioglycolic acid to form 4-thiazolidinone heterocyclic ring. The characterization of the titled compounds has been established on the basis of their spectral FTIR, 1HNMR data, and by measurements of their physical properties. In vivo acute anti-inflammatory effect of the synthesized compounds was evaluated in rats using egg-white induced edema model of inflammation. The tested compounds and the reference drug produced significant reduction of paw edema with respect to the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide 10%v/v (control group). Compound IVe showed more potent effect than mefenamic acid at 240-300 min, while at time 300 min, compounds IVa and IVd exhibit more potent anti-inflammatory effect than mefenamic acid (50mg/kg, i.p.) as they reduced paw edema significantly more than mefenamic acid at mentioned intervals (p<0.05) . On the other hand compound IVc exhibited lower anti-inflammatory effect.

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 15 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Evaluation of Holy Quran & Islamic Education Curriculum of Second Intermediate Stage from Perspectives of Teachers & Supervisors of the Material:A Field Study conducted in the Directorates-General of Education in Baghdad Governorate: أشواق عبـد الحـسن عبـد
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Evaluation of “Holy Quran & Islamic Education” Curriculum for Second Intermediate Stage from Perspectives of Teachers & Supervisors of material A Field Study conducted in the Directorates-General of Education in Baghdad Governorate. It goes without saying that educational curricula for students of all stages of schooling are in bad need of reviewing, evaluation and revision. The Islamic education curriculum is no exception, since it is a basic subject that plays a role in developing the individual’s moral and conscientious aspects, promotes his/her inner discipline and helps establish coherence with the values system of the community to which he/she belongs.

Based on the foregoing, the evaluation process of

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 29 2022
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Semitism and the allegations of the Jews Presentation, analysis and criticism
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he aim of the research is to clarify the meanings and connotations of (Semitic), and to identify the peoples that fell under this name according to historical data, biblical texts and Qur’anic news. International sympathy on the one hand and on the other hand controlling the land of Palestine and giving them international legitimacy to grow their entity according to global support and sympathy with their alleged slogan (anti-Semitism), which revolves around the oppression of the Jews.

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 18 2019
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Seroprevalence of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Risk Factors of Toxoplasmosis for A sample of Pregnant Women in Baghdad
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Background: Toxoplasmosis is a very common infection caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. This parasite is called Toxoplasma gondii widely distributed around the world . Toxoplasma gondii can be vertically transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and may cause wide range of clinical manifestations in the offspring.

Objective: To determine seroprevalence Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M  (IgM ) to toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women and to identify the risk factors.

Type of the study: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: A total of 110 blood samples of pregnant women were collected from

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 07 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of 1,4-Napthaquinone (NQ) and benzophenone (BPH)on the photodegradation and biodegradation of methyl cellulose film
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The induced photodegradation of methyl cellulose (MC) films in air was investigated in the absence and presence of aromatic carbonyl compounds(photosenssitizers): 1,4-naphthaquinone (NQ) and benzophenone (BPH) by accelerated weathering tester. The addition of (0.01 wt %) of low molecular weight aromatic carbonyl compounds to cellulose derivatives films(25µm in thickness) enhanced the photodegradation of the polymer films.The photodegradation rate was measured by the increase in carbonyl absorbance. Decreases in solution viscosity and reduction of molecular weight were also observed in the irradiated samples. Changes in the number-average chain scission, the degree of deterioration and in the quantum yield of chain scission values are als

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
STUDY OF BASIC CHEMICAL COMPONENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEMONGRASS LEAVES (Cymbopogon citratus): STUDY OF BASIC CHEMICAL COMPONENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEMONGRASS LEAVES (Cymbopogon citratus)
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The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity using different concentrations of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of dried lemongrass leaves. Chemical phytochemical tests were performed for aqueous and alcoholic extracts of lemongrass. Antimicrobials activity was tested using agar disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of the study showed that the aqueous extract of dried lemon leaves was highly effective (P≤0.05) against S. aureus, as the inhibition diameter was 22 mm for 50 dilution, while the inhibition diameter decreased to 15 mm for concentration 100. As for the alcoholic extract only, the diameter of inhibition decreased significantly (P≤0.0

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 05 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Antibacterial activity and mechanism of the silver nanoparticle in gram positive and negative bacteria
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Biomedical alloy 316L stainless steel enhancing to replace biological tissue or to help stabilize a biological structure, such as bone tissue, enhancing were coated with deposition a thin layer of silver nanoparticles as anti-bacterial materials by using DC- magnetron sputtering device. The morphology surface of The growth nanostructure under the influence of different working pressure were studied by atomic force microscope. The average grain size decrease but roughness of the silver thin layer was increased with‖ ―increasing the working pressure. The thickness of silver thin layer was increased from 107 nm at 0.08 mbar to 126 nm at 1.1 mbar. Antimicrobial activity of silver thin layers at different working pressure were studied. Th

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 03 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Babylon University
Spectrophotometric Determination of Sulfamethoxazole in Pure and Pharmaceutical Preparations Based on Condensation Reaction Method
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A new, Simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) drug in pure and dosage forms. This method based on the reaction of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) with 1,2-napthoquinone-4-sulphonic acid (NQS) to form Nalkylamono naphthoquinone by replacement of the sulphonate group of the naphthoquinone sulphonic acid by an amino group. The colored chromogen shows absorption maximum at 460 nm. The optimum conditions of condensation reaction forms were investigated by (1) univariable method, by optimizing the effect of experimental variables (different bases, reagent concentration, borax concentration and reaction time), (2) central composite design (CCD) including the effect of

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 05 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of some induce chemical and biological agents against (Tilletia tritici (Bjerk) and T.laevis (Kühn) causal agents of wheat Common bunt disease
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This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of some chemicals and biological agents to induce systemic resistance (ISR) against to wheat common bunt disease caused by the two species of fungus Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) Wint (T. caries (Dac.) Tul.) and T. laevis Kuhn (T. foetida (Wall.) Liro. Trails in the efforts to find an alternative, safe and environmentally friendly means to control the disease. Results of this study which carried out during two consecutive seasons for the years 2012 - 2013 and 2013 - 2014 at two different environmental locations. Seed treatment by (SA 100 and 200 mg/L, 500 ?–aminobutyric acid (BABA) and 1000 mg/L, Effective Microorganisms (EM1) 40 and 150 ml/kg seeds) have led to high significant redu

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Identification and Isolation of Caffeic, Chlorogenic and Ferulic Acids in Aerial Parts of Capparis spinosa wildly grown in Iraq
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Capparis spinosa is one of the oldest genera grown in Iraqi land with worldwide traditional medicinal uses beside the culinary uses. These uses were own to the presence of many phytochemical including flavonoids, polyphenols. Among the reported polyphenolic acids are caffeic, chlorogenic and ferulic acids with well-known powerful antioxidant properties. The present work aimed to identify the presence of these polyphenolic acids in Iraqi caper naturally gown in the rural area of middle Iraq following standard chromatographic procedures. Aerial parts of the plant (buds, berries and leaves) were extracted with hydroalcoholic solvent by maceration method. Thin layer chromatographic techniques and HPLC analysis were performed to iden

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Al- Nahrain University-science
Correlation between Levels of Serum Prolactin and Total Sialic Acids Concentrations in Fertile and Infertile Women
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The aim of this study was investigating the correlation between elevation of Prolactin levels and the increase of the concentrations of total sialic acids. The study was performed on 149 women consisted of 93 infertile hyperprolactinimic women (patients), age ranged16-38 years old, and 56 normoprolactinemic women as a control group, 18-37 years old. Serum prolactin (PRL) and gonadotroph hormones (Follicle stimulating hormone FSH and Luteinizing hormone LH) were measured using enzymatic immunoassay (EIA) method, resorcinol method for serum total sialic acids (SIA). Patients were divided into four groups, each group represented the level of prolactin of infertile women as follow: G1= (21-30), G2= (31-40), G3= (41-50), and G4= (51-60) ng/mL. S

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