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Formulation and Clinical Evaluation of Orphenadrine citrate as a Plain Tablet
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Orphenadrine is an anticholinergic ,antimuscarinic , centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant .It presents in the form of citrate and HCl salts which are used in treatment of the symptoms of mild Parkinson's disease and also it is used as adjuvant with other drugs in the therapy .

      Many trials were made to formulate Orphenadrine citrate as a plain tablet using wet granulation or direct compression technique in order to get a satisfactory formula through studying the effect of various factors such as binders , diluents and disintegrants types .

    The best formula was obtained by using Poly Vinyl Pyrolidine (PVP) as a binder also the results indicated that starch and mannitol gave acceptable physical properties to the tablets when they were used as diluents . At the same time , the results showed that Avicel which was used as a disintegrant gave an acceptable disintegration and dissolution time in comparison with the reference tablet DISIPAL Ã’. In addition , the selected formula was used to study the effect of method of incorporation of disintegrant on the physical properties of tablets .It was found that the intragranular incorporation resulted in a shorter disintegration and dissolution times .The stability of Orphenadrine  citrate prepared tablets was also studied upon storage at 50°C, 60°C and 70°C for four months .The drug was fairly stable and the expiration date for the prepared tablet was considered to be equal for 5 years .On the other hand , the results of clinical study on patients suffering from Parkinson's disease indicated that patients with tremor (regular rhythmic oscillation of extremities especially hand and finger ) and mild symptoms of Parkinson's disease showed a good response to the prepared tablets , but it had no effect on patients of dystonia ( fixed upward gaze , neck twisting ,clenching jaws ) and akinesia ( slow down of movement of voluntary muscle and difficulty of initiation of movement ).

     The overall results of this study indicate that the drug can be prepared as tablets , which fit the requirements of British Pharmacopoeia since the prepared tablets gave satisfactory results .

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Publication Date
Mon May 20 2024
Journal Name
International Journal Of Diabetes In Developing Countries
Role of stanniocalcin-1 and proenkephalin-A as novel biomarkers in prediction of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients
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Publication Date
Thu Dec 15 2022
Journal Name
Al-academy
The art of adornment and make-up in the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia and the old country of Yemen as a model
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This research sheds light on those discrepancies in the use of ornaments, adornment and perfumes, as well as the art of cosmetics, in two important civilizations, namely, the Mesopotamian civilization as the earlier civilization, and the civilization of Yemen, which represents the first Arab civilization. Through the foregoing, our research includes two topics, the first topic included the history of the use of decorations, ornaments and perfumes in the civilization of Mesopotamia, while the second topic included the study of ornaments, adornment and cosmetic art in the ancient civilization of Yemen. And then the research came out with a number of conclusions that the researcher considers very important to highlight the differences and f

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 15 2021
Journal Name
Arab World English Journal
How Impoliteness Is Portrayed in a School Context: The Marva Collins as a Case Study
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The present study attempts to examine verbal/nonverbal impoliteness in the classroom interaction and outside it in one of the movies, namely, The Marva Collins. Impoliteness, which is significantly studied within pragmatics, is a negative attitude towards particular behaviors. It always presumes to have emotional concerns for at least one participant who has caused it. This study is an attempt to examine verbal/nonverbal impoliteness in The Marva Collins movie. The study aims to investigate the different types of impoliteness strategies used in the four selected scenes and find out whether the speaker’s status has anything to do with the types of impoliteness. Besides, the functions performed are also examined by following a qual

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 14 2022
Journal Name
Chemical Papers
Nile red based dye D–π–A as a promising material for solar cell applications
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A recently reported Nile red (NR) dye conjugated with benzothiadiazole species paves the way for the development of novel organic-based sensitizers used in solar cells whose structures are susceptible to modifications. Thus, six novel NR structures were derived from two previously developed structures in laboratories. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) were used to determine the optoelectronic properties of the NR-derived moieties such as absorption spectra. Various linkers were investigated in an attempt to understand the impact of π-linkers on the optoelectronic properties. According to the findings, the presence of furan species led to the planarity of the molecule and a reduction

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
2nd International Conference On Materials Engineering & Science (iconmeas 2019)
A kinetic model for prodigiosin production by Serratia marcescens as a bio-colorant in bioreactor
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 25 2021
Journal Name
Engineering And Technology Journal
Performance evaluation of Photovoltaic Panels by a Proposed Automated System Based on Microcontrollers
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Publication Date
Mon Jul 10 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Theoretical Evaluation of Solar Assisted Desiccant Cooling System for a Small Meeting-Hall
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The performance of a solar assisted desiccant cooling system for a meeting-hall located in the College of Engineering/University of Baghdad was evaluated theoretically. The system was composed of four components; a solar air heater, a desiccant dehumidifier, a heat exchanger and an evaporative cooler. A computer simulation was developed by using MATLAB to assess the effect of various design and operating conditions on the performance of the system and its components. The actual weather data on recommended days were used to assess the load variation and the system performance during those days. The radiant time series method (RTS) was used to evaluate the hourly variation of the cooling load. Four operation modes were employed for perform

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 14 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Evaluation of Diabetes Self-Management among Patients in Baghdad City: A Comparative Study
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Objective(s): To Evaluate Diabetes self –management among patients in Baghdad City and to compare
between these patients self-management relative to the type of the disease.
Methodology: A descriptive design was conducted in Baghdad city, started from November 16th 2017 to the
end of May 17 th 2018 in order to evaluate Diabetes self-management. Purposive (non-probability) sample,
which was consisted of (120) patients who were diagnosed with D.M. The sample is comprised of (60) patient
with diabetes type I and (60) patient with diabetes type II. It is consisted of (60) male and (60) female. A
questionnaire is constructed for the purpose of the study. It is composed of (42) items. Reliability and validity of
the ques

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Bulletin Of Electrical Engineering And Informatics
A model for incorporating suitable methods of usability evaluation into agile software development
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The challenge to incorporate usability evaluation values and practices into agile development process is not only persisting but also systemic. Notable contributions of researchers have attempted to isolate and close the gaps between both fields, with the aim of developing usable software. Due to the current absence of a reference model that specifies where and how usability activities need to be considered in the agile development process. This paper proposes a model for identifying appropriate usability evaluation methods alongside the agile development process. By using this model, the development team can apply usability evaluations at the right time at the right place to get the necessary feedback from the end-user. Verificatio

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Publication Date
Sat Nov 01 2025
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Evaluation the Structural Behavior of Lightweight Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Columns: A Review
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Abstract<p>Lightweight concrete-filled tube (CFST) columns offer numerous benefits, such as reduced weight, enhanced resistance to buckling, improved structural performance, and the ability to endure cyclic loading. This study considered key research on the structural behavior of CFST columns, covering various topics, including lightweight concrete, methods of concrete placement within steel tubes, and CFST columns with and without shear connectors. The literature review reveals that while several researchers have explored the use of shear connectors as a load-transfer mechanism in CFST columns, there is no consensus on the design methodology for connector resistance. Shear connectors signifi</p> ... Show More
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