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bijps-546
AComparative Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Anthraquinone Derivatives in the Roots of Rheum ribes and Rheum emodi by HPLC
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High performance liquid chromatography was applied for the separation and identification of four antharquinone derivatives, aloe emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion. The separation was carried out using Eurospher 100, C18 column (4.6 mm i.d. x 250 mm, 5 µm) under the following conditions: acetonitile (solvent A) and water: acetic acid (99.9: 0.1 v/v, pH 3.5)( solvent B) as a mobile phase with isocratic elution with 30% solvent B at flow rate 0.8 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The four antharquinone derivatives were isolated from the Iraqi rhubarb, Rheum ribes root by preparative TLC, their structures were identified by 1H NMR and used as standards for HPLC analysis. The percentages of aloe emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion in rheum ribes root were 0.39%, 0.014%, 0.089%, and 0.072%, respectively. While for Rheum emodi root, only the first three anthraquinone derivatives were identified and their percentages were 0.48%, 0.32% and 1.56%, respectively. The method was found to be reproducible and convenient for qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthraquinone derivatives.

Keywords: Rheum ribes, Rheum emodi, Anthraquinone, HPLC

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental Study on the Effect of Using Metallic Brushes on the Charging and Discharging Time of Thermal Energy Storage Unit
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Phase change materials are known to be good in use in latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems, but one of their drawbacks is the slow melting and solidification processes. So that, in this work, enhancing heat transfer of phase change material is studied experimentally for in charging and discharging processes by the addition of high thermal conductive material such as copper in the form of brushes, which were added in both PCM and air sides. The additions of brushes have been carried out with different void fractions (97%, 94% and 90%) and the effect of four different air velocities was tested. The results indicate that the minimum brush void fraction gave the maximum heat transfer in PCM and reduced the time

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 30 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of strategic foresight on strategic decision-making- Analytical study at the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
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Publication Date
Sun Apr 30 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Study the effect of microbial factor on the qualities and characteristics of Novolak composite material, reinforced glass fibers / Asbestos fibers.
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The study was reflection of the impact of the widespread use of polymer Novolak composite reinforced  Glass fiber and Asbestos fiber once again with weight fraction 60% on the physical properties, which included (Hardness, Compressive deformation, compressive modulus of elasticity, Flexural modulus of elasticity, Resilience modulus, the maximum of Flexural strength, Flexural strain energy and Shear strength inner layers); it is known how much important the media as a source of bacterial contamination, which contributes directly or indirectly in the process of aging of these materials. These Novolak composite reinforced,  prepared by weight fraction of (10%) and (14%) of the Hexamethylene-tetraamine (HMTA) hardener material. It

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of strategic foresight on strategic decision-making- Analytical study at the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
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The current study aims at the extent of determining the interest of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and its various departments in the process of strategic foresight, and whether this interest is reflected in its strategic decisions if the study relies on an exploratory and analytical approach and has targeted managers in the higher management within this ministry, and the questionnaire has also been used as a basic tool for collecting For data, the study population was (94), (89) questionnaires were distributed, (86) questionnaires were retrieved, and usable questionnaires amounted to (83). The sub-variable had the highest impact on strategic decision-making (intuition), as this research demonstrated the

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 28 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Topics and political frameworks for the news of the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs on its website: an analytical study
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This is a descriptive study that used the survey method, it’s aimed to identify the topics and frameworks of diplomatic and political issues covered by the news of the website of the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs, through the content analysis method applied on a sample selected in a systematic random manner for news published in the year 2021. The sample included (191) news equivalent to (20%) of the total study population of (942). The study reached some results, the most important of which were as follows: The political issue, in its general sense, grabbed the most prominent attention among the various issues and events focused on by Iraqi diplomacy: "international cooperation", "bilateral cooperation", and then "regional politic

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2015
Journal Name
International Visible Conference On Educational Studies & Applied Linguistics 2016
A New Perspective About Masculinity and the Issue of Identity in Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and The Sea and Michael Ondaatje's in The Skin of a lion
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A New Perspective About Masculinity and the Issue of Identity in Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and The Sea and Michael Ondaatje's in The Skin of a lion

Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2024
Journal Name
Partial Differential Equations In Applied Mathematics
Improving the hepatitis viral transmission model’s dynamics by vaccination and contrasting it with the fractional-order model
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We investigate mathematical models of the Hepatitis B and C viruses in the study, considering vaccination effects into account. By utilising fractional and ordinary differential equations, we prove the existence of equilibrium and the well-posedness of the solution. We prove worldwide stability with respect to the fundamental reproduction number. Our numerical techniques highlight the biological relevance and highlight the effect of fractional derivatives on temporal behaviour. We illustrate the relationships among susceptible, immunised, and infected populations in our epidemiological model. Using comprehensive numerical simulations, we analyse the effects of fractional derivatives and highlight solution behaviours. Subsequent investigatio

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 11 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Investigating Difficulties Faced by Iraqi EFL Learners in Identifying the Illocutionary Force of the Reduplicative Words
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A reduplicative word is an important phenomenon in all language studies because it reflects many functions in language communication such as plurality, emphasis, contrast, imitation.  The various instances of reduplicative words in a particular language reflect the richness and uniqueness of that language. Moreover, such variation gives insights into both culture and thought. A reduplicative word is a linguistic phenomenon found in the syntactic, morphological, phonological and semantic levels. The current study aims at investigating the illocutionary force of English reduplicative words in some selected English colloquial utterances. To achieve this aim, an analytical -pragmatic approach has been used by adopting Searle’s (1979)

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Publication Date
Thu May 12 2016
Journal Name
Biochemistry
Probing the Role of Active Site Water in the Sesquiterpene Cyclization Reaction Catalyzed by Aristolochene Synthase
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Publication Date
Fri Nov 03 2023
Journal Name
Lecture Notes In Electrical Engineering
A Survey Study and Comparison of Drones Communication Systems
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